Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the world. The disease encompasses emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and small airway obstruction and can be caused by environmental exposures, primarily cigarette smoking. Since only a small subset of smokers develop COPD, it is believed that host factors interact with the environment to increase the prope...

( a ) 20 mM-sterol was co-sonicated with 20 mM-DOPC (1 mol/mol) and 0.2 mM12-doxy1 stearic acid. Spectra were measured at 3 7 T , pH 7.2, in a Brucker ER 200D e.s.r. spectrometer. ( b ) The (Ca2 +-Mg2+)-ATPase was purified and reconstituted in DMPC according to the methods of East & Lee [9]. Activities were measured using a coupled enzyme assay, at 3 7 T , pH 7.2, 2 mM-ATP, 1 pM-Ca2+ as outline...

The liver is the major organ for removal of intestinally derived bacteria and toxic compounds, such as endotoxin, oxidants, and pro-oxidants. To detoxify these hazardous compounds, the liver contains high levels of low molecular weight antioxidants and enzymes that degrade reactive oxygen species. Reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidas...

Ahn B, Beharry AW, Frye GS, Judge AR, Ferreira LF. NAD(P)H oxidase subunit p47 is elevated, and p47 knockout prevents diaphragm contractile dysfunction in heart failure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 309: L497–L505, 2015. First published July 24, 2015; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00176.2015.—Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have dyspnea and exercise intolerance, which are caused in part b...

Steroids, in particular, 17beta-estradiol (E(2)), have been reported to improve the response to trauma in animal models. In these models, the leukocyte plays a critical role in the inflammatory cascade. We examined the affects of E(2), hydrocortisone (H), progesterone (P(4)), and E(2) with P(4) on oxidant production in human granulocytes (PMNs) and mononuclear leukocytes (MNCs). Each cell type ...

the polymer supported hypochlorite ion is a facile selective oxidizing agent for the oxidation of various alcohols to aldehydes and ketones. similarly is successfully oxidizes various hantzsch type 1,4- dihydropyridines to corresponding pyridines.

In this study, different oxidation processes UVA-365 nm (photolysis), UV–A/H2O2, UV–A/H2O2/Fe2+, UV–A/S2O8, and UV–A/S2O8/Fe2+ were investigated to compare removal rates efficiencies of Oxytetracycline (OTC). The role the initial concentration oxidants, as well their inhibitory threshold regarding degradation mineralization OTC, was at pH. It found that pH solution had an important in photolysi...

Free radicals are involved in the formation of both atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Therefore, considerable interest has recently been aroused by their role in the development of ischemic cerebral injury. Experimental observations suggest that antioxidants could reduce cerebral arterial vasospasm, reduce infarct size and prevent the development of both atherosclerosis and thrombosis. However, c...

Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem that affects approximately 10% of the US adult population and is associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease and high economic cost. Chronic renal insufficiency, once established, tends to progress to end-stage kidney disease, suggesting some common mechanisms for ultimately causing scarring and further nephron loss. Th...

Free radicals are species with one or more unpaired electrons. The unpaired electron results in a species that is often highly reactive. Free radicals have a wide range of reactions; two broad classes of reactions are electron transfer and addition reactions resulting in covalent bond formation. Free radicals can be classified as reducing (donating an electron to an acceptor) or oxidizing (acce...