Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is a major producer of mitochondrial NADPH, required for glutathione (GSH)-associated mitochondrial antioxidant systems including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). Here, we investigated the role of IDH2 in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HIR)-associated mitochondrial injury using Idh2-knockout (Idh2-/-) mic...

The water soluble matrix of nacre is a proven osteoinductive material. In spite of the differences in the biomolecular compositions of nacre obtained from multiple species of oysters, the common biochemical properties of those principles substantiate their biological activity. However, the mechanism by which nacre stimulates bone differentiation remains largely unknown. Since the positive impac...

Carotenoid intake has been associated with the decrease of the incidence of some chronic diseases by minimizing the in vivo oxidative damages induced by reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). The carotenoids are well-known singlet oxygen quenchers; however, their capacity to scavenge other reactive species, such as peroxyl radical (ROO•, hydroxyl radical (HO•), hypochlorous acid (HOC...

S. miltiorrhiza is a Chinese medicinal plant that widely cultivated. The root growth in are inhibited by soil salinity. Here we investigated the capability of regulator, 5-ALA to promote under different salt stresses. Five-month old roots were uniformly irrigated with levels solution i.e. 0, 100, 200 mM NaCl. After 3 days treatment, salt-treated plants sprayed concentrations ALA (0, 10 mg L-1, ...

Although heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that found throughout the Earth’s crust, most environmental contamination and human exposure result from anthropogenic activities, such as mining smelting operations, industrial production use, domestic agricultural use of metal-containing compounds. The accumulation eventually produces reactive oxygen species can cause oxidative stress, wh...