Objective(s):Several investigations have revealed that caspase-14 is responsible for the epidermal differentiation and cornification, as well as the regulation of moisturizing effect. However, the precise regulation mechanism is still not clear. This study was aimed to investigate the expression of caspase-14 in filaggrin-deficient normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) and to explore the...

Background: Chronic usage of morphine elicits the production of inflammatory factors by glial cells andinduces neuroinflammation. Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) is a medicinal herb that has antiinflammatory properties. It has been reported that ginger shows anti-addictive effects against chronic usageof morphine; however, its influence o...

Although microglia exist as a minor glial cell type in the normal state of brain, they increase number response to various disorders and insults. However, it remains unclear whether proliferate affected area, mechanism proliferation has long attracted attention researchers. We analyzed microglial mitosis using facial nerve transection model which blood–brain barrier is left unimpaired when nerv...

In this study, we investigated the effect of Solanum nigrum aerial parts (SNAP) on macrophage activation and autophagy in RAW264.7 cells. SNAP increased production immunostimulatory factors phagocytosis TLR4 inhibition blocked SNAP-mediated factors. addition, JNK reduced factors, was by inhibition. activated autophagy. p38 attenuated These findings indicate that may induce TLR4/JNK-mediated TLR...

Objective(s): This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic training on serum levels of Klotho, cardiac tissue levels of H2O2 and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and P38 as well as left ventricular internal diameter (LVID), the left ventricle wall thickness (LVWT) and fibrosis in middle-aged rats. Materials and Methods: Forty wistar rats, including young rats (n=10, 4 month-old) and middle-ag...

One of the most applied methods in drug industry for development of new drugs is 3D-QSAR methodology. As p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) plays a crucial role in regulating the production of such proinflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1, emerging as an attractive target for new anti-inflammatory agents, we used a 3D-QSAR based method of Compa...

Objective Fuyuan Huoxue decoction (FHD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that can promote blood circulation, inhibit inflammatory reactions and effectively relieve pain. This study investigated the effect of FHD on rat skin flap survival p38 MAPK/IKK/NF-κB pathway. Methods The pathological condition tissue was examined by H&E staining. expression levels CD34 VEGF in tissues were immunohist...

Aim. To determine the ability of nortriptyline, alone and in combination with budesonide, to inhibit production pro-inflammatory cytokines peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells patients chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) establish molecular mechanisms combined action these drugs. Material methods. Blood from COPD (n=21) were incubated or their combination. Cytokine production, ex...