purpose: to assess the effect of emla® cream application without occlusive dressing on pain on needling (pn) and pain on injection (pi) felt during multiple botulinum toxin type a (bta) injections for correction of hyperkinetic upper facial lines methods: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 44 subjects seeking upper facial wrinkles correct...

background: the aim of this study was the validation of the revised mcgill pain questionnaire (sf-mpq-2) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). materials and methods:â  a total of 107 (40 males, 67 females) ibs patients diagnosed according to rome iii criteria who referred to the gastroenterology clinic at baqiyatallah hospital in 1389 enrolled in this study. â enrolled patients compl...

conclusions bont-a improves clbp with a low incidence of side effects and can be used as a therapeutic tool in the management of these patients. results after 4 weeks, 76% of patients in the bont-a group reported pain relief compared to 20% in the saline group (p < 0. 005). additionally, greater pain relief was experienced by patients in the bont-a group at 8 weeks (64% vs. 12%; p < 0. 001). by...

background: little is known about the influence of habitual participation in physical exercise and diet on upper-extremity physical function in older adults. to assess the relationship of general physical exercise and diet to upper-extremity physical function and pain intensity in older adults.   methods: a cohort of 111 patients 50 or older completed a sociodemographic survey, the rapid assess...

nonspecific activity-related arm pain is characterized by an absence of objective physical findings and symptoms that do not correspond with objective pathophysiology. arm pain without strict diagnosis is often related to activity, work-related activity in particular, and is often seen in patients with physically demanding work. psychological factors such as catastrophic thinking, symptoms of d...

patellofemoral pain syndrome (pfps) is the most common overuse syndrome in athletes. it is one of the causes of anterior knee pain in athletic population who come to the sports medicine clinic. patellofemoral pain is more common among female athletes especially adolescents and young adults. symptoms include: persistent pain behind the patella or peripatella. pain increases on ascending and desc...

introduction: psychological symptoms of non-cardiac chest pain (nccp) including perceptual, emotional, and behavioral problems can effect patient perception of chest pain. this study was conducted to determine the effect of metaphor therapy on mitigating depression, anxiety, stress, and pain discomfort in patients with nccp. materials and methods: this randomized, controlled, trial was conducte...

background: chronic musculoskeletal pain is a worldwide health problem. anxiety and depression are common among patients suffering from chronic pain. self-management strategies are used to help patients manage the emotional distress associated with pain. aim: to evaluate the effects of cognitive pain self-management program (cpsmp) on depression, anxiety, and stress in women with chronic pain. ...

objective: the present study aimed to compare prospective and retrospective memory impairment and attention deficit in people suffering from chronic low back pain with those cognitive functions in healthy subjects. furthermore, this study examines the relation between severity and duration of pain and prospective and retrospective memory impairment and attention deficit. methods: the research w...