background: about 70% of all pregnant women suffer from pelvic girdle pain (pgp)and/or low and high back pain(lbp,hbp). the risk factors for developing pelvic girdle pain and back pain in general are history of previous low back pain or pelvic or pain in previous pregnancy. in order to study the relative frequency of different kinds of backache in pregnancy and possible risk factors for develop...

Primary hyperparathyroidism is not nowadays considered a rare disease and according to some reports, its incidence is 1/1000. This disorder can be accompanied with severe complications including renal failure and bone illnesses and this can highly elevate the treatment costs and causes social problems and troubles within families. The descriptive strategy of this study was carried out on 30 pa...

background and objectives: this study aimed to validate the west haven-yale multidimensional pain inventory (whympi) for iranian patients with chronic pain. methods: 585 patients with chronic pain in legs, back, hands, neck and shoulders were entered into this study. the west haven-yale multidimensional pain inventory (whympi) was used for assessment of pain in these patients. for validation of...

background: the need to relieve pain and inflammation after periodontal surgery and the side effects of systemic drugs and advantages of topical drugs, made us to evaluate the effect of diclofenac mouthwash on periodontal postoperative pain.     methods: in this double-blind, randomized clinical trial study 20 quadrants of 10 patients(n=20) aged between 22-54 who also acted as their own control...