inject liquid formulation technology (1), the need arose for a process whereby large quantities of highly polished spherical glass microspheres of known density could be manufactured. The process needed to be inexpensive, scalable, GMP-compliant and capable of sterile manufacture for parenteral drugs. Methods such as emulsion drying, freeze drying and spray-freeze drying were all investigated, ...

Spray drying is a process widely used to produce fruit juice powders. In powders, it results with the good quality, low water activity, easier transport and storage. The physicochemical properties of powders produced by spray drying depend on the variables of process and/or operating parameters. In the present review, the principle of spray drying was described. In addition, some factors such a...

When making an application of any crop protection material such as an herbicide or pesticide, the applicator uses a variety of skills and information to make an application so that the material reaches the target site (i.e., plant). Information critical in this process is the droplet size that a particular spray nozzle, spray pressure, and spray solution combination generates, as droplet size g...

UNLABELLED Spray-dried monoclonal antibody (mAb) powders may offer applications more versatile than the freeze-dried cake, including preparing high-concentration formulations for subcutaneous administration. Published studies on this topic, however, are generally scarce. This study evaluates a pilot-scale spray dryer against a laboratory-scale dryer to spray-dry multiple mAbs in consideration o...

Path planning with a uniform paint thickness distribution for industrial painting robots is challenging. It difficult and time-consuming to generate path constant because extensive trial error are required. To realize paths without specialized operator skills, it useful simulate all processes verify the distribution. Therefore, simulator that can predict analyze developed in this study. A model...

the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of nozzle configurations on spray drift and explain the influences using several atomization characteristics (length of spray sheet, spray angle, velocity distribution of flow field, fluctuation of velocity, and droplet size). nozzles manufactured by one company (lechler gmbh, germany) were tested by spraying local tap water in a win...

We propose a paintmeter for noncontact and remote monitoring of the thickness and drying progress of a paint film based on the time-of-flight measurement of the echo signal of a terahertz (THz) electromagnetic pulse. The proposed method is effectively applied to two-dimensional mapping of the painting thickness distribution for single-layer and multilayer paint films. Furthermore, adequate para...

The modeling of the paint atomization process is a barrier in computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation for whole air spraying, and seriously restricts robot intelligent spray gun trajectory planning improvement coating quality. Consequently, multi-scale model based on hybrid Euler–Lagrange method was established this paper, which included large liquid micelle motion model, particle tur...