Previous human influenza pandemics were the results of emerging viruses from non-human reservoirs, with at least two caused by strains of mixed human and avian origin. Also, many cases of swine influenza viruses have reportedly infected humans, including the recent human H1N1 strain, isolated in Mexico and the United States. Pigs are documented to get infected with human, avian, and swine virus...

During the 20th century, indisputable pandemics of influenza occurred in 1918, 1957, and 1968. The pandemics of 1957 (A/H2N2) and 1968 (A/H3N2) were associated with major antigenic changes in the virus, probably reflecting introduction by recombination of animal virus genes. The 1918 epidemic is beyond the reach of modern virology but, based on seroarcheology, appears to have been caused by a v...

This paper uses an individual-level survey conducted by the Edelman Trust Barometer in mid-April for 11 advanced and emerging market economies to examine perceptions of government performance managing health economic crisis, beliefs about future, attitudes redistribution. We find that women, non-college educated, unemployed, those non-teleworkable jobs systematically have less favorable respons...

The 1918 to 1919 H1N1 influenza pandemic is among the most deadly events in recorded human history, having killed an estimated 50 to 100 million persons. Recent H5N1 avian influenza epizootics associated with sporadic human fatalities have heightened concern that a new influenza pandemic, one at least as lethal as that of 1918, could be developing. In early 2009, a novel pandemic H1N1 influenza...

BACKGROUND Previous research has demonstrated the value of macroeconomic analysis of the impact of influenza pandemics. However, previous modelling applications focus on high-income countries and there is a lack of evidence concerning the potential impact of an influenza pandemic on lower- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVES To estimate the macroeconomic impact of pandemic influenza in Th...