Three pandemic influenza strains occurred in the 20 century, in 1918, 1957 and 1968. Influenza pandemic strains are the result of an emerging virus spreading in people which have little or non immunity. At least two of these pandemics strains, in 1957 and in 1968, were the result of reassortments between human and avian viruses. In 1957 three segments, PB1, HA and NA, and in 1968 two segments, ...

In May 2010, biomedical and social scientists from 12 countries n 4 continents convened in Copenhagen, Denmark to discuss the pidemiological, social, and public health consequences of 5 diverse andemics, the 1889 “Russian,” the 1918 “Spanish,” the 1957 Asian,” the 1968 “Hong-Kong” and the 2009 pandemics. During the Historical Influenza Pandemics: Lessons Learned” Conference, perpectives were pr...

Industrialized society currently faces a wide range of non-infectious, immune-related pandemics. These pandemics include a variety of autoimmune, inflammatory and allergic diseases that are often associated with common environmental triggers and with genetic predisposition, but that do not occur in developing societies. In this review, we briefly present the idea that these pandemics are due to...