This article discusses the cycle of conversion, consumption, and corruption that undermines the environment and civil society in Cambodia and Burma (Myanmar). In these countries, forests are declining in patterns similar to other Southeast Asian deforestation. Illegal logging, prostitution, and heroin trafficking constitute the bulk of Cambodia's shadow economy. Revenues are used to provide ...

A question of medico-legal interest occasionally occurs in Civil Surgeons' work, when a sample of opium is submitted by the police, or Magistrate for favour of an opinion as to whether it is crude opium or Government excise opium. Thisopinion is asked for as it is illegal to sell crude opium. Text-books on medical jurisprudence seem to o-ive no information on the point, and as it is a question ...

BACKGROUND To screen methanolic extracts of 26 commonly used Indian spices against nine species of uropathogenic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), isolated from clinical samples of a tertiary care hospital for antib...

Opiumpoppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is one of the important and oldest cultivated medicinal plant used to extract morphine, papaverine, thebaine, codeine and other alkaloids. This study aimed to determine general and specific combining abilities of F1 hybrids obtained from various crosses and their parental lines for developing appropriate breeding material for future breeding programs. The resu...

Alkaloids in the terminal capsule of M-89 variety of P. so m n if e rum rise and plateau as the plant matures in a controlled environment. Lancing immature capsules does not increase yield of codeine plus morphine in the above-ground plant, but lancing may translocate alkaloids upward to the capsule. Poppies produced a high proportion of codeine relative to m?rphine. This effect is probably due...

[This retracts the article on p. 5 in vol. 4, PMID: 28232911.].

Since the 19th century, opium has been produced and consumed in the areas of Asia, currently referred to as the Golden Crescent and the Golden Triangle (1). The Golden Crescent lies in South and Southwest Asia, including districts in the Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan, the adjacent Badakhshan area of Afghanistan and the Baluchistan area of Iran. The area has been the scene of tradition...

A spontaneous true breeding homeotic gene mutant Pps-1 with distinct partial petaloid sepals was detected in the population of downy mildew (DM)-resistant elite accession I-14 during our studies for the identification of disease resistance sources in opium poppy. The trait was found to be stable and inherited truly in the subsequent generations. Genetic studies were carried out through systemat...