ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank Joyashree Roy, Ernst Worrell, Puran Mongia, and Marta Khrushch for their valuable assistance and comments on previous drafts of this paper. Abstract Historical estimates of productivity growth in India's pulp and paper sector vary from indicating an improvement to a decline in the sector's productivity. The variance may be traced to the time p...

Background Researches concerning renewable energy sources and wastes recycling are strategic to ensure energetic and environmental sustainability of the planet. In this scenario, biofuels (including bioethanol) have attracted increasing attention. Most ethanol is currently produced from sugarand starch-based feedstocks, such as sugar cane in Brazil and corn in the U.S.A. However, lignocellulosi...

The purpose of this paper is to develop models with and without potential emissions trading and to compare industry profits under the two regimes. The model in which emissions trading is permitted is a nonparametric industry frontier model in the spirit of Färe et al. (1992). It is relative to this model that industry profit is computed. This profit is compared to the profit without emissions t...

This paper presents an overview of different modelling and simulation (M & S) methods used in water treatment. Special emphasis is on pulp and paper industry. In chemical water treatment, M & S is successfully used in control design. Hybrid models based on a cascade approach are needed in biological wastewater treatment to cover different operating conditions. Uncertainty handling needs to be i...

The number of external noise sources of a paper making line is typically around 80 pcs. The major ones are process and machine room ventilation and vacuum pump exhausts. The noise control targets will dictate the scope and costs of sound attenuation. Considerable cost reductions can be achieved if the noise control design starts at the early stage of a project. Additionally, depending on the no...

This paper examines North American pulp and paper company bankruptcies that occurred between 1990 and 2009. We demonstrate that shareholders suffer substantial losses (37%) during the month a bankruptcy occurs. Encouragingly, we show that financial ratios are useful in predicting firm failure and that failed firms are less profitable, more liquidity constrained and higher in debt leverage. Usin...

The dynamical behaviour of doctor blades used in paper industry for cleaning press-rolls is studied numerically and semi-analytically. A multiscale approach combining the dynamic effects of uni-directional roughness of the rolls on the lubrication/cleaning process of the blade is established and a parametric study regarding the geometrical and elastic properties of the blade carried out. The ul...

The present study was conceptualized to evaluate the heavy metal absorbing potential of microbes isolated from paper industry effluent. The effluent was used as the source sample, after screening morpho-metrically ten strains were cultured and sub cultured to achieve the pure discrete colonies. Out of ten discrete colonies two were found to have the heavy metal absorbing ability. These two bact...

The pulp and paper industry depends on a long and integrated supply chain. It starts in forest harvest areas as trees and ends as multiple products used in all persons daily usage. The lead time from the first step to the last is long and it involves many steps operated by several companies and organizations. In this overview paper we describe the overall supply chain, its participants and the ...

Among the anaerobic systems applied for the treatment of paper industry effluents, the IC (Internal Circulation) reactor is gaining a lot of interest. The reactor combines good biomass retention at the outlet with excellent mixing characteristics in the lower part of the reactor. This leads to smaller reactor volumes and less space requirements. Three examples of IC reactors at various recycle ...