OBJECTIVE Paracetamol is the most common cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in many countries. Much data on paracetamol toxicity originate from liver transplant centers and tertiary referral institutions. The authors analyzed the population-based annual incidence of paracetamol overdoses and ALF, and described the risk factors for hepatotoxicity. METHODS A search was undertaken for the diagno...

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in hypothermia induced by paracetamol for therapeutic purposes, which, in some instances, has been reported as a side effect. Understanding the mechanism by which paracetamol induces hypothermia is therefore an important question. In this study, we investigated whether the novel metabolite of paracetamol, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)arachidonylamide (A...

This study investigated the role of antioxidant enzyme system following crude hydroethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MO) in acute paracetamol (PCM) induced hepatotoxicity. Hydroethanolic extract (80%) of MO (200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg; p.o) was pre-administered before a single oral dose of 3 g/kg PCM intoxication to male Sprague-Dawley rats. Pre-treatment of the extract was found to ha...

Citrus macroptera (family Rutaceae), commonly known as Sat Kara, is a pharmacologically diverse medicinal plant. Various parts of this plant, specifically fruit, have an immense range of medicinal uses in folk medicine directed for a number of ailments. A plethora of active phytochemical constituents of this plant have been revealed so far, namely, limonene, beta-caryophyllene, beta-pinene, ger...

Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is used throughout the world for pain relief and antipyresis in both children and adults. In many countries, it can be purchased without a medical prescription and it is also a common component of a number of over-the-counter remedies for colds, influenza and the like. Fasting, malnutrition and use of alcohol and/or other drugs are thought to play causal roles in hep...

BACKGROUND Paracetamol is a major cause of poisoning. Treatment decisions are predominately based on the dose ingested and a timed blood paracetamol concentration because most patients present to hospital soon after overdose, before hepatotoxicity can be confirmed/excluded using serum alanine transaminase (ALT). Nonetheless, ALT is measured at hospital presentation; we investigated its value in...

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is widely used as an over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drug. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of vitamin C (100mg/kg/day i.p.) and β-glucan (40 mg/kg/day i.p.) on altered haematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in the blood of rats treated with paracetamol (100 mg/kg/day i.p.) for 3 days. Exposure o...

Oral pre-treatment with ethanolic extract of the roots of C. carandas (ERCC; 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, po) showed significant hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing the activities of serum marker enzymes, bilirubin and lipid peroxidation, and significant increase in the levels of uric acid, glutathione, super oxide dismutase, catalase and prote...

Two cases (a 40-year-old man and a 6-year-old child) are presented, in which deaths occurred with symptoms of fulminant liver failure. Mechanical cholaemia was excluded; however, steatosis (in both cases) and an inflammatory state (in the man) of the liver were ascertained. Although no hepatotoxical factor other than paracetamol was ascertained, it could not be unequivocally established as the ...

Influenced by the ancient literature of various communities and reports presented by modern authors regarding the medicinal uses of Colocacia esculenta., present study was conducted to investigate the antihepatotoxic efficacy associated with Colocacia esculenta whole leaf juice. The antihepatotoxic and hepatoprotective studies were carried against two well known hepaotoxins paracetamol and CCl4...