By preparation and characterization of a series of pesudorotaxanes based on DB24C8 and paraquat derivatives, it was found that these complexes were stabilized by N⋅⋅⋅O interactions, C-H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonding, and face-to-face π-stacking interactions. Because methyl protons of paraquat are involved in hydrogen bonding to the host, the substitution of any methyl hydrogen on paraquat causes apparen...

Exposure of the scrotal skin to a concentrated paraquat solution led to renal and respiratory failure and to hepatic damage with eventual recovery of the patient. Dermal exposure to paraquat, especially to the scrotum may produce serious systemic toxicity.

This work presents the first development of an all-steps-in-one test kit for determination paraquat in natural water, and vegetable agricultural samples. A handheld photometer incorporated with a magnetic stirrer was used to complete steps extraction, mixing, detection. Paraquat produces blue free radical ion via reduction sodium dithionite alkaline conditions. Sodium powder investigated enhanc...

This study aims to explore the values of different scoring systems in predicting the prognosis of patients with paraquat poisoning, and find out the most clinical application value of indicators. The patients with paraquat poisoning were included and treated in the emergency department from January 2016 to October 2016, every patient was underwent different scoring system, and the Receiver Oper...

Although paraquat has been banned in European countries, this herbicide is still used all over the world, thanks to its low-cost, high-efficiency, and fast action. Because paraquat is highly toxic to humans and animals, there is interest in mitigating the consequences of its use, namely by implementing removal procedures capable of curbing its environmental and health risks. This research descr...

BACKGROUND Paraquat is a major cause of fatal poisoning after ingestion in many parts of Asia and the Pacific nations. However, optimal prognostic indicators to evaluate patient mortality have not been unequivocally established. Following acute paraquat poisoning, a number of amino acids (AA), are abnormally expressed in metabolic pathways. However, the alterations in AA metabolite levels after...

OBJECTIVE Paraquat poisoning occurs worldwide, and both the fatality rate and the number of deaths are out of the ordinary. Japan is one of the few countries in the world that have replaced 24% products with 5% products. This report is an attempt to introduce information about paraquat poisoning in Japan. METHODS The Japanese Association of Rural Medicine has carried out extensive surveys on ...

Photosynthesis is not required for the toxicity of diphenyl ether herbicides, nor are chloroplast thylakoids the primary site of diphenyl ether herbicide activity. Isolated spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplast fragments produced malonyl dialdehyde, indicating lipid peroxidation, when paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium ion) or diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] were ad...

Pesticide use in agriculture can cause undesirable effects to the natural environment as well as to humans. A field trial to determine residues of 2,4-D and paraquat in the ricefield soil and surface water of the drainage canals in the Kerian district of Perak, Malaysia, was conducted during 2006/2007. Analyses of 2,4-D and paraquat in the soil and water samples were carried out using a high pe...

Paraquat is a bipyridylium non-selective contact herbicide commonly used worldwide. When ingestion occurs by humans and animals either accidentally, intentionally or maliciously, paraquat selectively accumulates in the lungs resulting in the production of oxygen-free radicals, causing membrane damage and cell death. Intoxicated subjects typically show progressive and fatal pulmonary haemorrhage...