Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder affecting millions of predominantly elderly individuals worldwide. Originally described as “The Shaking Palsy” in 1817 by the British physician, James Parkinson, the disease is attended by a constellation of motoric deficits including bradykinesia (slowness in movements), postural instability, rigidity and tremor th...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, degenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of mesencephalic dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) resulting in a loss of dopaminergic innervation to the striatum (caudate and putamen). Parkinsonian signs appear after approximately 50% of nigral cells are lost and striatal dopamine levels are reduced 80% (1). The admin...

Background: Parkinson’s disease is described as hypokinetic symptoms with cardinal features such as tremors, bradykinesia, gait difficulties as well as cognitive problems. Much research has been done with regards to drugs of abuse such as opiates, amphetamines, cocaine as well as therapeutic drugs causing this disease.

A challenge for the clinical management of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the large withinand between-patient variability in symptom profiles as well as the emergence of motor complications which represent a significant source of disability in patients. This thesis deals with the development and evaluation of methods and systems for supporting the management of PD by using repeated measures, consi...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of most disabling disorders of the central nervous system. The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement, postural instability and difficulty with walking and gait, are difficult to measure. When disease symptoms become more pronounced, the patient experiences difficulties with hand function and walking, and is prone to falls....

Objectives: After reading this continuing education article, the pharmacist should be able to do the following: 1. Discuss the various etiologies of Parkinson’s disease. 2. Describe the major signs and symptoms associated with the disease. 3. Outline a rational therapeutic approach for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. 4. Name the principal drugs and chemicals that may cause symptoms of the...

More than 10 million people worldwide are living with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The ages of people who have Parkinson are variable, usually between 50 and 80 years, the average of them is 55 years old. The symptoms of PD are progressive, and within 10 to 20. It happens when dopaminergic neurons were being degenerate. Peripheral and central inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways play a...

To The ediTor We would like to comment some methodological issues that arised from the interesting paper of Piovesan et al. and that did not were cleared in the discussion. As it is known, many antiparkinsonian agents may cause cognitive and psychiatric symptoms, mainly those with anti-cholinergic effects. Piovesan et al. stated that none of the patients in the PWID group (Parkinson Group with ...