Fast neutrons from cosmic-ray muons are an important background to underground low energy experiments. The estimate of such background is often hampered by the difficulty of measuring and calculating neutron production with sufficient accuracy. Indeed substantial disagreement exists between the different analytical calculations performed so far, while data reported by different experiments is n...

Carrier lifetime reduction resulting from proton bombardment of InGaAs/InP-based semiconductor saturable absorbers was studied experimentally, using a standard degenerate, cross-polarized pump-probe technique. Proton bombardment reduced carrier lifetimes by as much as a factor of 40 at low optical excitation densities. For high fluences, significant induced absorption was observed. The recovery...

Despite the recent progress of transient gene expression systems in a red alga Porphyra yezoensis by particle bombardment, a stable transformation system has yet to establish in any marine red macrophytes. One of the reasons of the difficulty in genetic transformation in red algae is the lack of systems to select and isolate transformed cells from gametophytic blades. Thus, toward the establish...

Abstract The return of samples from S‐type asteroid 25143 Itokawa have enabled significant improvements in our understanding space weathering on asteroids and the link between ordinary chondrites. We report three new particles, providing details adjacent grains within a particle several different phases. features we observe are consistent with formation via irradiation solar wind, as opposed to...