Transient transformation is simpler, more efficient and economical in analyzing protein subcellular localization than stable transformation. Fluorescent fusion proteins were often used in transient transformation to follow the in vivo behavior of proteins. Onion epidermis, which has large, living and transparent cells in a monolayer, is suitable to visualize fluorescent fusion proteins. The oft...

DNA immunization has been shown to elicit both antibody and CTL responses against antigens expressed by infectious organisms. Because CTL responses have been implicated in rejection of cancer, we investigated whether DNA immunization by particle bombardment using a gene gun could induce CTL responses that were capable of rejecting tumors in mice. DNA immunization by particle bombardment using g...

This report describes a process for delivering foreign genes into maize cells that does not require the removal of cell walls and is capable of delivering DNA into embryogenic and nonembryogenic tissues. Plasmid harboring a chimeric chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene was adsorbed to the surface of microscopic tungsten particles (microprojectiles). These microprojectiles were then acce...