Abstract One-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisional simulations are performed on a capacitive 2.54 cm gap, 1.6 Torr argon discharge driven by sinusoidal rf current density amplitude of 50 A m ?2 at 13.56 MHz. The excited states (metastable levels, resonance and the 4p manifold) modeled self-consistently with particle dynamics as space- time-varying fluids. Four cases examined, inc...

To develop a method for the introduction of DNA into filarial parasites, several methods that have proven successful in other organisms were evaluated for their ability to transform Brugia malayi. Luciferase activity was detectable in embryos bombarded with gold particles coated with a construct consisting of a luciferase reporter gene under the control of the 5S rRNA intergenic spacer (SL prom...

Transfection of trypanosomatids, particularly the transfection of their mitochondrion and different developmental stages, is still a limiting step in many experiments using recombinant DNA technology. Two types of trypanosomatid transfection protocols have been described so far. The standard protocol is based on electroporation first described by Bellofatto and Cross [1]. The second protocol is...

The vast majority of transformation protocols for filamentous fungi are based on permeabilizing cell membranes with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or electroporation. Both methods typically require preparing protoplasts or osmotically sensitive cells prior to transformation (Herzog et al., 1996; Goldman et al., 1990; a detailed review of fungal transformation systems is given by Lemke and Peng, 1995...

A system for Egyptian barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Giza 123) transformation via biolistic bombardment has been established. Immature embryos 1.0-1.5 mm in length were aseptically isolated from barley plants cultivated in the open field. Embryos were then cultured on callus induction medium with scutellum side up. Scutellum derived calli were bombarded with the plasmid pAHC25, containing the ma...

The improvement of garlic plants (Allium sativum L.) via biotechnological approaches is currently limited by the lack of an applicable direct gene transfer system. In this paper, we present the development of a genetic transformation system using particle bombardment for gene delivery and immature clove-derived callus as the gene target. Plasmid DNA (pBI221.23), containing the selectable "hpt" ...