overdue. Relying on highly selective published extracts from Haeckel's archive is unsatisfactory because of the biases of various editors. Use of Haeckel's extensive correspondence and other materials, such as newspaper clippings, would have given Sandmann the opportunity of locating Haeckel in the changing socio-political context of Imperial Germany, as bourgeois opinion shifted from liberalis...

• Context: concern with individualism as a modern phenomenon; attempt to present an ethical defense of individualism; how to reconcile individualism with ethical concern for other members of society? Durkheim rejects both the utilitarian defense of individualism found in classical liberalism and the collectivist rejection of individualism advanced by the church, the military, and the authoritar...

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That children should be educated to be ideal citizens, capable of making rational and informed decisions, has been proposed in cultures ranging from Ancient Greece to current societies. In particular, societies that favour liberalism preach the primacy of the individual autonomous citizen and a concomitant tolerance for others. In modern multicultural societies, ways must be found to maintain s...

It is not every day that a scholar stoops to defend legislatures. Oh sure, lots of political theorists rush to the defense of democracy in the abstract, but they often have little to say about actual democratic practice. By contrast, empirical political scientists (and “positive political theorists”) have lavished attention on the institutions of democratic governance such as legislatures (part...

Although some scholars report that all students are better served by attending more prestigious postsecondary institutions, others have argued that students are better off attending colleges where they are about average in terms of academic ability and suffer worse outcomes if they attend a school “out of their league” at which they are “overmatched.” The latter argument is most frequently depl...

Left to their own devices, many people will not save enough for their old age. This hard truth about human behavior has led American government to make a long and expensive commitment to retirement security programs. Indeed, Congress has made retirement security the most expensive commitment on the American public policy agenda. Of the two main components of this policy, one, Social Security, i...