BACKGROUND Perishock pauses are pauses in chest compressions before and after defibrillatory shock. We examined the relationship between perishock pauses and survival to hospital discharge. METHODS AND RESULTS We included out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Epistry-Cardiac Arrest who suffered arrest between December 2005 and June 2007, presented wi...

Under constant applied force, the separation of double-stranded DNA into two single strands is known to proceed through a series of pauses and jumps. Given experimental traces of constant-force unzipping, we present a method whereby the locations of pause points can be extracted in the form of a pause point spectrum. A simple theoretical model of DNA constant-force unzipping is presented, which...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Falls are common and often take place in the home. Risk of fall increases if the environment is dimly lit. Longer sitting pause times, before standing, might improve postural stability after standing from a supine position. The purpose of this investigation was to measure the effects of sitting pause times on postural sway velocity immediately following a supine-to-standi...

During their entire lives, weakly electric fish produce an uninterrupted train of discharges to electrolocate objects and to communicate. In an attempt to learn about activity-dependent processes that might be involved in this ability, the continuous train of discharges of intact Gymnotus carapo was experimentally interrupted to investigate how this pausing affects post-pause electric organ dis...

Predicting the location of pauses from text is an important aspect for speech synthesizers. The accuracy of pause prediction can significantly influence both naturalness and intelligibility. Pauses which help listeners to better parse the synthesized speech into meaningful units are deemed to increase naturalness and intelligibility ratings, while pauses in unexpected or incorrect locations can...

Generating natural sounding synthetic speech from text requires a division of a text into IPs and assigning pauses between those phrases. A difficulty which faces attempts to model pauses quantitatively is high degree of variability exhibited by speakers in pause placement and duration. The present study seeks to investigate if Synchronous Speech (speech elicited when two speakers are asked to ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and performance of an algorithm designed to automatically extract pauses and speech timing information from connected speech samples. Speech samples were obtained from 10 people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 10 control speakers. Pauses were identified manually and algorithmically from digitally recorded recitations of a speech pa...

Evidence is accumulating that many temporal features of second language speech are correlated with those of first language speech. This study looks at the correlation between articulation rate, pause rate, and mean pause duration in Japanese first and English second language speech and how second language fluency raters perceive these. In a crosslinguistic corpus of spontaneous speech, mean pau...

Effects of contextual length are known to affect pause durations in neutral speech. The present study investigates these effects on an expressive corpus of read tales in French. Computational models of intra-sentence, and inter-sentence pause durations, as functions of contextual lengths are proposed. These models are aimed at improving Text-To-Speech synthesis systems, and provide clues for sy...

Torsade de pointes in the congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is often pause dependent. Thus, the main goal of pacemaker treatment in the LQTS may be the prevention of pauses that facilitate the onset of torsade de pointes. A pause prevention pacing algorithm (rate smoothing) was used for arrhythmia prevention in a 14 year old girl with congenital LQTS. By temporarily increasing the pacing rate ...