As input to the steady state design and kinetic simulation models for the activated sludge system, the correct value for the heterotroph anoxic yield is essential to provide reliable estimates for the system denitrification potential. This paper examines activated sludge anoxic yield values in the literature, and presents experimental data quantifying the value. In the literature, in terms of t...

Atlantic cod Gadus morhua has polymorphic haemoglobin, which can be separated into two homozygous types, HbI-1 and HbI-2, and one heterozygous type HbI-1/2. The geographical distribution of Atlantic cod with the different haemoglobin types varies, with the HbI(2) allele occurring at high frequency in northern regions, and the HbI(1) allele dominant in warmer areas. To determine if temperature i...

The evolution of alternative life-history strategies in fish has largely been overlooked by fisheries managers, although differences in the biology of life-history variants can have important implications for the scale and productivity of fisheries. Cod display strikingly variable colouration in the Gulf of Maine, with redand olive-coloured cod found in close sympatry. Colour types from Cashes ...

itself, and that liver, kidneys, heart, brain and sweetbreads make a useful change from a joint. As a source of vitamin A, cod-liver oil is our most valuable stand-by. The fame of cod-liver oil has undergone vicissitudes. It may have come to us from the Yikings. Belief in it waned, at times during the nineteenth century, and it became fashionable to regard extra butter as being just as good. Th...

Changes in phenotypic variability in natural populations have received little attention in comparison with changes in mean trait values. This is unfortunate because trait diversity may influence adaptive evolutionary change and population stability. We combine two unique data sets to illuminate complex trait changes in Atlantic cod along the Norwegian Skagerrak coast: (i) an annual beach seine ...

A diphosphine ligand (1·HPF(6)), which is a potential precursor to a PC(NHC)P pincer, with a backbone containing two phenylene groups and a central bicyclic 4-aza-2-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-ene unit has been synthesised and coordinated to Pd(II) and Pt(II) to give trans-[M(κ(2)-P,P'-)Cl(2)]PF(6) where M = Pd (2) or Pt (3a). Single-crystal structure determinations of 2 and 3a show the complexes...

This study was carried out to assess the efficiency of a combined system consisting of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) system for color removal from reactive dyes wastewater. The UASB reactor and DHS system were operated at HRT of 6 and 2.0 h., respectively. The results obtained indicated that, the combined system was quite effective for remova...

Ozonation was investigated as a potential post-treatment step for biologically treated landfill leachate to enhance the biodegradability and observe the influence of the initial organic matter concentration and pH. Changes in COD, UV absorption at 254 nm (UVA254) and BOD content were measured during and after ozonation, and the ozone utilisation efficiency at different conditions was calculated...

1/12 1 New cod war of words: ‘cod is God’ versus ‘sod the cod’ two opposed discourses on the North 1 Sea Cod Recovery Programme 2 3 Tim Gray (a), Jenny Hatchard (b), Tim Daw (c) and Selina Stead (d) 4 5 (a) School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 7RU 6 (b) JH Fishery Management Services, PO Box 17336, Edinburgh, EH12 1BZ 7 (c) School of Development Stud...