One of the famous controversies in statistics is the dispute between Fisher and Neyman-Pearson about the proper way to conduct a test. Hubbard and Bayarri (2003) gave an excellent account of the issues involved in the controversy. Another famous controversy is between Fisher and almost all Bayesians. Fisher (1956) discussed one side of these controversies. Berger’s Fisher lecture attempted to c...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to review accelerometer wear methods and correlations between accelerometry and physical activity questionnaire data, depending on participant characteristics. METHODS We included 57 articles about physical activity measurement by accelerometry and questionnaires. Criteria were to have at least 100 participants of at least 18 years of age with manuscripts a...

The term “random walk” was originally proposed by Karl Pearson in 19051. In a letter to Nature, he gave a simple model to describe a mosquito infestation in a forest. At each time step, a single mosquito moves a fixed length a, at a randomly chosen angle. Pearson wanted to know the distribution of the mosquitos after many steps had been taken. The letter was answered by Lord Rayleigh, who had a...

We have developed a small, light, passive, inexpensive, datalogging particle monitor called the "UCB" (University of California Berkeley particle monitor). Following previously published laboratory assessments, we present here results of tests of its performance in field settings at high particle concentrations. We demonstrate the mass sensitivity of the UCB in relation to gravimetric filter-ba...

OBJECTIVE To determine the psychometric worth of Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) and Short-Essay Questions (SEQs) used in internal summative assessment of undergraduate ophthalmology annual send-up examination and to ascertain the quality of items using subjective measures. STUDY DESIGN Correlational analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore, from ...

PURPOSE Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to screen and follow-up spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae (SDAVF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between MRI findings and neurologic function in SDAVF. This study also investigated clinical features and treatment results of SDAVF. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 15 consecutive patients who underwent emboliza...

OBJECTIVE To examine the reliability and validity of the physical activity decline (PAD) score: a measure for assessing a decline in the level of physical activity in patients with chronic pain. DESIGN This study was embedded in a prognostic cohort study based on an inception cohort of patients with sub-acute low back pain. PATIENTS Sixty-two patients who developed chronic pain participated...