Two zooxanthellate, scleractinian species present in the equatorial eastern Pacific, Psammocora stellata and Psammocora profundacella, were examined in terms of their reproductive biology and ecology at four study sites, non-upwelling (Caño Island, Costa Rica, and Uva Island, Panamá), upwelling (Gulf of Panamá, Panamá), and seasonally varying thermal environments (Galápagos Islands). Both speci...

The ‘safety in numbers’ phenomenon is very intriguing to many walking advocates. Some studies have examined the for walkers, but they mostly focused on relationship between pedestrian volume and likelihood of vehicle–pedestrian crash occurrences. This study evaluated effects not only risk occurrences, also probability severe or fatal injuries. Pedestrian data obtained from six districts Seoul M...

Resistance management is essential for maintaining the efficacy and long-term durability of transgenic corn engineered to control western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte). Theoretically, a refuge can be provided by growing susceptible (refuge) plants in either a separate section of the field adjacent to resistant (transgenic) plants, or as a seed mixture. We examined the ...

Definition 5.2. Suppose one has a nonempty finite set = {C1, . . . ,Cm} of general consequence operators, each defined on a nonempty language Li, 1≤ i≤m. Define the operatorΠCm as follows: for any X ⊂ L1×···×Lm, using the projection pri, 1≤ i≤m, define ΠCm(X)= C1(pr1(X))×···×Cm(prm(X)). Theorem 5.3. The operator ΠCm defined on the subsets of L1 ×···×Lm is a general consequence operator and if, ...

The evolutionary conserved WD-40 protein PRL1 plays important roles in immunity and development. Here we show that PRL1 is required for the accumulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). PRL1 positively influences the processing of miRNA primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) and double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). Furthermore, PRL1 interacts with the pri-miRNA processor, DCL1, an...

This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of hypocalcemic analogues of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₂ (1,25D2) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1,25D3) to inhibit regrowth and regulate the stemness-related gene expression in colon cancer cells undergoing renewal after exposure to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). All of the tested analogues of 1,25D2 equally potently decreased the clonogenicity and the prolifera...

Analogs of 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol, modified in the side-chain and in the A-ring, were tested for their antiproliferative activity against a series of human cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo toxicity. The proliferation inhibition caused by the analogs was higher than that of the parent compounds, while the toxicity, measured as the serum calcium level, was lower. All analogs were able...