Chemical and cellular characteristics of fluid within subcutaneously implanted polyethylene chambers in rabbits were studied over a 3-month period. The fluid attained a relatively stable protein and cellular composition which was consistent with a mononuclear exudate. After a single dose of intramuscular penicillin G, the antibacterial activity of chamber fluid was found to be dynamic and simil...

The response of tolerant Streptococcus sanguis and nontolerant Streptococcus mitis infections to penicillin therapy was compared in the rabbit model of endocarditis. The minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of penicillin were 0.1 and 0.1 mug/ml, respectively, for S. mitis and 0.05 and 6.2 mug/ml, respectively, for S. sanguis. Time-kill studies done in vitro with penicillin concent...

The correlation between antibiotic concentrations in serum, serum bactericidal activity, and results of therapy was studied in rabbits with streptococcal endocarditis. Five days of procaine penicillin G reduced bacterial titers to <10 per g in 12 of 14 vegetations in rabbits receiving 75,000 U intramuscularly every 6 h and 10 of 20 in rabbits given 37,500 U. Ten days of 18,750 U every 6 h did n...

To assess the effect of protein binding by human serum on the synergistic interaction of penicillins with gentamicin, time-kill curves were determined for four penicillins alone and in combination with gentamicin against 10 blood isolates of enterococci. Killing curves demonstrated synergism with penicillin G plus gentamicin against all 10 strains in either broth or 50% human serum. In broth th...

patient in group I showed inconclusive results. Four patients (12.2%) in group II had positive tests, including 3 for penicillin G and one for amoxicillin. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the clinical history collected by medical questionnaires is not the determining factor in confirming a patients’ reaction to penicillin, and shouldn’t be the only parameter used to exclude potential...

BACKGROUND An interval of 3-4 weeks between intramuscular injections of 1.2 million units of benzathine penicillin G as prophylaxis against group A streptococcal infection is recommended by health organizations for patients with pediatric rheumatic fever and heart disease. METHODS We reviewed the literature for evidence of the persistence of serum penicillin G during the first 4 weeks after t...

There is considerable evidence of increasing failure rates following the treatment of gonorrhoea with penicillin (Mead, Moon, and Bean, 1960; Willcox, 1961; Sabath and Kivlahan, 1961). Doses and preparations of penicillin sufficient a decade ago have become no longer so in many areas. The reasons for failure are manifold and complex. They include re-infection, which is probably common but extre...

BACKGROUND There are concerns that the evidence from studies showing noninferiority of oral amoxicillin to benzyl penicillin for severe pneumonia may not be generalizable to high-mortality settings. METHODS An open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled noninferiority trial was conducted at 6 Kenyan hospitals. Eligible children aged 2-59 months were randomized to receive amoxicillin or ben...

Eighteen strains of Staph. pyogenes (nine penicillin-sensitive and nine penicillin-destroying) were passaged 40 to 50 times on Celbenin(1) ditch plates. All strains developed an increase in resistance to Celbenin and eight strains (four penicillin-sensitive and four penicillin-destroying) were able to grow in 100 mug/ml. or more Celbenin. Resistance was of the drug-tolerant type and none of the...

Antibiotics, such as benzyl-penicillin (PenG) and cephalosporin, are the most common compounds used in animal therapy. Their massive and illegal use in animal therapy and prophylaxis inevitably causes the presence of traces in foods of animal origin (milk and meat), which creates several problems for human health. With the aim to prevent the negative impact of β-lactam and, in particular, PenG ...