Pentoxifylline increases erythrocyte flexibility, reduces blood viscosity,and inhibits platelet aggregation and is thus used in the treatment of peripheral vasculardisease. It is transformed into at least seven phase I metabolites, of which two, M1 andM5, are active. The reduction of the keto group of pentoxifylline to a secondary alcoholin M1 takes place chiefly in erythrocytes...

IMPORTANCE Prednisolone or pentoxifylline is recommended for severe alcoholic hepatitis, a life-threatening disease. The benefit of their combination is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the addition of pentoxifylline to prednisolone is more effective than prednisolone alone. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial conducted between Decem...

Alginate-based scaffolds have received considerable attention for biomedical application because of their biocompatibility and ease of preparation. The application of alginate hydrogels for encapsulation of pancreatic islets is known as a potential treatment for type I diabetes. In this study, dextran-spermine coated microcapsules of alginate containing pancreatic islets were prepared, and then...

The present study is the first prospective randomized controlled trial of the effect of pentoxifylline on future fertility in infertile women with asymptomatic minimal or mild endometriosis. After completion of a basic infertility workup and laparoscopy, patients were entered into the study and randomly allocated to receive either a 12 month course of oral pentoxifylline (800 mg/day) (n = 30) o...

BACKGROUND The heterogeneity of melanoma needs to be addressed and combination therapies seem to be necessary to overcome intrinsic and acquired resistance to newly developed immunotherapies and targeted therapies. Although the role of WNT/β-catenin pathway in melanoma was early demonstrated, its contribution to the lack of the melanoma patient response to treatment was only recently recognized...

Background: Pentoxifylline, a valuable medication with promising clinical characteristics and considerable profile of safety is used in many conditions namely chronic kidney diseases (CKD). However, the decision to prescribe pentoxifylline for anemia in CKD should be based on evidence accrued from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Yet, substantial heterogeneity exists in studies performed to...

Evaluation of drug efficacy for human diseases is routinely performed in animal models for efficiency and in accordance with FDA regulations. Rhesus macaques have been used as models for various lethal diseases and correlates of immunity, as nonhuman primates (NHP) closely resemble humans. We examined the ex vivo cytokine response of superantigen-stimulated whole-blood cells as a first step to ...

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the transdermal permeability of pentoxifylline gel in vitro and in vivo. Gel was prepared with carbomer 934 as the base, and the Wistar rat was chosen as an animal model. The effects of percutaneous enhancers on the transdermal permeability of pentoxifylline gel were investigated by in vitro permeation experiments. Cumulative permeation at different t...

BACKGROUND CC chemokine ligand (CCL)5 and its receptor CCR5 contribute to leukocyte migration into lungs of patients with diffuse lung diseases (DLD). Pharmacological regulation of CCL5 and CCR5 expression was therefore explored in bronchoalveolar cells obtained from patients with DLD. METHODS Cells from 21 patients were co-cultivated in vitro with tumour necrosis factor-alpha and dexamethaso...