Rosa foetida Herrm. is an important wild rose that contributed to the birth of modern yellow cultivars. It also well known for unpleasant odor, not prevalent in other roses, emanating from its petals. We analyzed floral scent R. and sport cultivars, var. bicolor (Jacq.) Willm. f. persiana (Lem.) Rehd., identify causative compounds their offensive odor. Fatty acid derivatives 2,4-decadienal (2,4...

my paper has two parts. first, i talk about the golden rule. after introducing the rule and its global importance, i explain why many scholars dismiss it as a vague proverb that leads to absurdities when we try to formulate it clearly. i defend the golden rule against such objections. second, i talk about the golden rule in persia and islam; i consider persian sources (muslim and non-muslim) an...

S. Müller analyses lexicon entries referring to ancient Persia, including both traditional academic reference works such as Paulys Realencyclopadie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft and more recent children’s encyclopaedias. She points out the tenacity of commonplaces emerging in 19th century, an interpretation Persian war battle between freedom tyranny alleged civilizing drive Alexander Gr...

The quest for a whiter shade of pale dates back to ancient civilizations, when a pale complexion was associated with aristocratic lineage. During the Tang dynasty (618-907), Chinese women used ground pearl powder as a whitening make-up. In ancient Persia, field workers bleached their skin with pure natural hydroquinone to keep it from darkening under the sun. In Europe, during the Renaissance, ...

Sir,?At page 191 of Valentine Baker's Clouds in the East, he mentions, that when suffering from dysentery, near Meshed, he got from an official, Abbas Khan, a remedy "called in Persia barhangIt consisted of a small seed somewhat resembling linse ed, and was made into a tea like linseed tea, with the addition of a teaspoonful of oil of sweet almonds." "Diet was restricted to rice and a wash of s...

Among the first three manuscripts written in Persian, Akhawayni's Hidayat al-muta'allemin fi al-tibb was the most significant work compiled in the 10th century. Along with the hundreds of chapters on hygiene, anatomy, physiology, symptoms and treatments of the diseases of various organs, there is a chapter on sleep paralysis (night-mare) prior to description and treatment of epilepsy. The prese...