A population's medical need represents its illness burden. Medical demand represents the service level requested for a particular need. Medical care costs are, in large part, a function of need and demand. Our review of health education programs designed to reduce health risks and reduce costs identified thirty-two programs with documented effectiveness, generally achieving claims reductions of...

Abstract According to relational egalitarians, equality is not primarily about the distribution of some good but people relating one another as equals. However, compared with other theorists in political philosophy – including egalitarians have said relatively little on what role personal responsibility should play their theories. For example, compatible responsibility? Should economic distribu...

This paper explored public willingness to act when exposed to cases of intimate partner violence against women, by analyzing the influence of perceived severity and personal responsibility on two types of responses: mediating and reporting to the police. Results (N = 419) yielded main effects of personal responsibility for both types of responses. No main effects of perceived severity were foun...

The concept of personal responsibility has been central to social, legal, and political approaches to obesity. It evokes language of blame, weakness, and vice and is a leading basis for inadequate government efforts, given the importance of environmental conditions in explaining high rates of obesity. These environmental conditions can override individual physical and psychological regulatory s...

The issue of management responsibility for health facilities is great importance and deserves a lot care attention because its contact with the human body preservation from dangers that may result mistakes committed by these facilities, administrative as type legal takes place within scope system ،It related to state public administration harmful actions, whether actions are legitimate or illeg...