FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE 1.1 Allergic Rhinitis Azelastine Hydrochloride Nasal Spray 0.1% and 0.15% is indicated for the relief of the symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis in patients 6 years of age and older. 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2.1 Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis In children 6 to 11 years of age, the recommended dose of Azelastine Hydrochloride Na...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Sinonasal diseases are often treated with topical agents administered through various application techniques, but few prior studies have examined their distribution to the olfactory mucosa. The purpose of this study was to compare the distribution of nasal irrigations to sprays within the olfactory cleft. STUDY DESIGN Human cadaveric study. METHODS Eight cadaveric head...

Copyright © 2012 Frederick Furness Publishing 14 Nasal sprays that deliver active ingredients using droplets are well-established drug delivery vehicles, both for locally acting and systemic therapies. More recently, though, the pharmaceutical industry has started to turn its attention to delivering dry powders via the nasal route, a step that parallels the introduction of dry powder inhalers (...

Two studies were undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of three thixotropic nasal sprays (IQM11, IQM12, IQM13) on seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). The three nasal sprays differ only with respect to the emulsifying agent used in the formulation. In the prospective, randomized, cross-over pilot study, 16 patients with a history of SAR received 2 x 0.14 ml IQM11 per nostril or no treatment...

Exotic ambrosia beetles are damaging pests in ornamental tree nurseries in North America. The species Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motshulsky) and Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) are especially problematic. Management of these pests relies on preventive treatments of insecticides. However, field tests of recommended materials on nursery trees have been limited because of unreliable attacks by am...

Background: Pesticide poisoning is a common method of suicide attempt and less commonly accidental poisoning in Bangladesh. This review for the first time estimated the extent and characteristics of pesticide poisoning in Bangladesh and explored existing limitations in methodologies of studies done on poisoning in the country. Methods: A narrative search in electronic medical databases includin...

A computational study of turbulent evaporating sprays is reported. The major focus is to study the structure of turbulent evaporating sprays and to examine the sensitivity of their vaporization behavior to transient liquid-phase processes. Three models considered to represent these processes are the thin-skin, infinite-diffusion, and diffusionlimit models. Favre-averaged equations with a k-s-g ...

Ophthalmologists working in equatorial regions have long been familiar with the syndrome of solar conjunctivo-keratopathy. This condition, which affects only the interpalpebral area of the conjunctiva and cornea, is characterized by chronic discomfort and irritation, hypersensitivity to wind, dust, smoke, and sunlight, chronic conjunctival injection, fleshy protuberant pingueculae, usually cont...

Farmworkers are exposed to pesticides and may take home pesticide residues to their families. In this paper, self-reported pesticide exposure and home practices to reduce the amount of pesticide residues taken home were examined among 571 farmworkers. Urine samples from a subsample of farmworkers and children and dust samples from households and vehicles also assessed pesticide exposure. Overal...