BACKGROUND Studies around the world have shown that interactions between pharmaceutical companies, pharmacists and physicians have a great influence on prescribing and drug dispensing practices. In middle-income countries, the nature and extent of these interactions have not been well researched. Our objectives were to qualitatively explore the nature of the interactions between pharmaceutical ...

internationalization is a matter of committed decision-making that starts with export marketing, in which an organization tries to diagnose and use opportunities in target markets based on realistic evaluation of internal strengths and weaknesses with analysis of macro and microenvironments in order to gain presence in other countries. a developed model for export and international marketing of...

This study aims to measure the production capacity and capacity utilization in pharmaceutical industry. The capacity utilization is the ratio of actual production level to the potential production level which shows the gap between real production and production capacity. Method: Through econometric methods, the short-run translog cost function is estimated with the cost share function of produ...

Healthcare costs in all industrial nations have increased and payors are starting to look at new ways to contain costs and at new funding models. The business model of pharmaceutical companies is also undergoing rapid changes - potentially disruptive new modalities, such as RNAi, therapeutic vaccines, and cell therapy are emerging, R&D costs have increased year on year, pressures on drug pricin...