Opioids is the key analgesics in general anesthesia practice for their stronge and reliable pain release effect. At same time, adverse effects of opioids such as respiratory depression, cough muscle rigidity after quick intravenous injection, PONV, pruritus, urine retention are also apparent, which deserve attention clinicians.

Opioids is the key analgesics in general anesthesia practice for their stronge and reliable pain release effect. At same time, adverse effects of opioids such as respiratory depression, cough muscle rigidity after quick intravenous injection, PONV, pruritus, urine retention are also apparent, which deserve attention clinicians.

Opioids are powerful analgesics when used to treat acute pain and some forms of chronic pain. In addition, opioids can preempt some forms of central sensitization. Here we review evidence that opioids may also induce and perhaps reverse some forms of central sensitization.

Catecholamine secretion and actin filament disassembly are closely coupled in chromaffin cells. Opioid suppression of catecholamine secretion is fast and transient, both characteristics of actin filament involvement. The aim of the present work was to test the hypothesis that opioids suppress catecholamine secretion via an inhibitory effect on actin filament disassembly. For this purpose we use...

UNLABELLED Prescription monitoring programs (PMPs) are designed to reduce medication diversion by identifying individuals obtaining the same medication from multiple providers (termed multiple provider episodes [MPEs]). This study determined whether recent changes to California's PMP influenced: 1) the extent that practitioners issue prescriptions for a variety of Schedule II opioids; and 2) th...

BACKGROUND Chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) and prescription opioid use is a highly complex and growing health care issue in Canada. Many quantitative research studies have investigated the effectiveness of opioids for chronic pain; however, gaps remain in the literature regarding the personal experience of using opioids and their impact on those experiencing CNCP. OBJECTIVE To explore the lived...

BACKGROUND Opioids are commonly used to treat dyspnoea in palliative medicine but there has been no formal evaluation of the evidence for their effectiveness in the treatment of dyspnoea. A systematic review was therefore carried out to examine this. METHODS The criteria for inclusion required that studies were double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trials of opioids for the treatment o...

OBJECTIVE To offer preliminary guidance on prescribing smoked cannabis for chronic pain before the release of formal guidelines. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE We reviewed the literature on the analgesic effectiveness of smoked cannabis and the harms of medical and recreational cannabis use. We developed recommendations on indications, contraindications, precautions, and dosing of smoked cannabis, and c...

Morphine and other opioids are widely used to manage moderate to severe acute pain syndromes, such as pain associated with trauma or postoperative pain, and they have been used to manage chronic pain, even chronic nonmalignant pain. However, recent years have seen a renewed recognition of the potential for overuse, misuse, and abuse of opioids. Therefore, prescribing opioids is challenging for ...