the starting point of this paper is given by priestley’s papers, where a theory of representation of distributive lattices is presented. the purpose of this paper is to develop a representation theory of fuzzy distributive lattices in the finite case. in this way, some results of priestley’s papers are extended. in the main theorem, we show that the category of finite fuzzy priestley space...

Background: The increase in R&D and upward trend of R&D/pharmaceutical sales has occurred despite government controlled pharmaceutical price reduction in Japan. This paper identifies the effect of the government’s price control policy on pharmaceutical innovation and evaluates the influence of new chemical entities (NCE) on health

In 2006, Espinola and Kirk made a useful contribution on combining fixed point theoryand graph theory. Recently, Reich and Zaslavski studied a new inexact iterative scheme for fixed points of contractive and nonexpansive multifunctions. In this paper, by using  the main idea of their work and the idea of combining fixed point theory on intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces and graph theory, ...

using greedy clustering method to solve capacitated location-routing problem with fuzzy demands abstract in this paper, the capacitated location routing problem with fuzzy demands (clrp_fd) is considered. in clrp_fd, facility location problem (flp) and vehicle routing problem (vrp) are observed simultaneously. indeed the vehicles and the depots have a predefined capacity to serve the customerst...

The international donor community has grave concerns about the prospects for poverty reduction in what it terms fragile states. A state is classified as fragile if its country policy and institutional assessment (CPIA) score falls below a particular threshold. Recognizing that all states are fragile to varying degrees, this paper questions the method used by the international community to deem ...

The international donor community has grave concerns about the prospects for poverty reduction in what it terms fragile states. A state is classified as fragile if its country policy and institutional assessment (CPIA) score falls below a particular threshold. Recognizing that all states are fragile to varying degrees, this paper questions the method used by the international community to deem ...

Decision making is an important part of human life. A decision can be made by the idea of an individual or a group. Groups are seen as superior to individuals as decision making entities. In fact, groups bring more diverse sets of information, perspectives, and knowledge to make a decision. A type of group decision making is related to multiple criteria and multiple constraint levels linear pro...

Current IDSs usually have several shortcomings. First, the speed and sensitivity of detection are not so ideal. Secondly, the response system lacks the ability to correct errors. Thirdly, the cost of intrusion detection is not considered, that is, the response policy is static. This paper applies fuzzy default theory to transform reasoning and response engine of IDS, based on the proving of IDS...

The size of the ‘underground economy’ (UE) is valuable information in the formulation of macroeconomic and fiscal policy. This study applies fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic to model Taiwan’s UE over the period from 1960 to 2003. Two major factors affecting the size of the UE, the effective tax rate and the degree of government regulation, are used. The size of Taiwan’s UE is scaled and compare...

A fuzzy-decision-making procedure is applied to find the optimal feed policy of a fed-batch fermentation process for L-lysine production in a stirred tank bioreactor from Brevibacterium flavum 22LD. The policy consists of a feed flow rate, feed concentration of glucose and threonine, and fermentation time. In this paper the fermentation process is formulated as a general multiple objective opti...