This paper deals with East Asian medicine in South Korea, a topic quite under-studied in social science in comparison to traditional medicine in other East Asian countries. It was only in the late 1990s that Korean medicine started to gain the attention of social scientists, sparked by controversies surrounding the pharmacy debates. Korean researchers based at Korean and Western academic instit...

BACKGROUND In recent years, there has been rapid growth in pharmaceutical spending in China. In addition, the country faces many challenges with regards to the quality, pricing and affordability of drugs. Pricing and reimbursement are important aspects of pharmaceutical policy that must be prioritised in order to address the many challenges. METHODS This review draws on multiple sources of in...

the notion of strong arcs in a fuzzy graph was introduced bybhutani and rosenfeld in [1] and fuzzy end nodes in the subsequent paper[2] using the concept of strong arcs. in mordeson and yao [7], the notion of“degrees” for concepts fuzzified from graph theory were defined and studied.in this note, we discuss degrees for fuzzy end nodes and study further someproperties of fuzzy end nodes and fuzz...

in this paper we define intuitionistic fuzzy metric and normedspaces. we first consider finite dimensional intuitionistic fuzzy normed spacesand prove several theorems about completeness, compactness and weak convergencein these spaces. in section 3 we define the intuitionistic fuzzy quotientnorm and study completeness and review some fundamental theorems. finally,we consider some properties of...

abstract this author introduces the concept of stepwise strategy approach (ssa) for dealing with a number of problems arises in the current age of technology. this new idea is combined with the knowledge of grey theory for adding flexibility to decision making process. grey theory is useful for grasping the ambiguity exists in the utilized information and the fuzziness appears in the human judg...

Scientific journals are most often used to disseminate the end products of research, but also have an important role as instruments of change. One year after the launch of the Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, the focus of articles published has been on pharmaceutical health systems research, including contemporary issues related to medicines management, socio-behavioral aspects of...

This chapter introduces the underlying theory of Fuzzy Probability and Statistics related to the differences and similarities between discrete probability and possibility spaces. Fuzzy Probability Theory for Discrete Case starts with the fundamental tools to implement an immigration of crisp probability theory into fuzzy probability theory. Fuzzy random variables are the initial steps to develo...