background and objectives: pharmaceutical expenditures are responsible for a major part of health systems’ cost. according to the who’s statistics, iran is the first among the 20 countries in the world in terms of drug consumption. the first step in controlling consumption of a particular good is to identify factor inducing the relevant demands. hence, this study aimed to identify the pattern a...

− Some measuring systems are very sensitive on disturbances incoming from power supplies. If no accumulators are used for their power supply, which ensure a minimum signal noise and transmission jamming signal from power network, special power supplies have to be constructed for them. An example of a possible influence of a disturbance, which spreads along to the power supply on high pure sine-...

Dietary micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) are widespread, yet their prevalence can be difficult to assess. Here, we estimate MND risks due to inadequate intakes for seven minerals in Africa using food supply and composition data, and consider the potential of food-based and agricultural interventions. Food Balance Sheets (FBSs) for 46 countries were integrated with food composition data to esti...

This study identifies and proposes a framework that provides insights into supply chain integration (SCI) supplies sustainability (SCS) relationships. Drawing on dynamic capability theory, stakeholder contingency it analyses primary qualitative data obtained by interviewing managers executives conducting observations, as well secondary within leading pharmaceutical companies, national instituti...

Introduction: Good management of pharmaceutical supplies in pharmacies will result drug with the right amount, time, and type, as well produce drugs good quality conditions costs incurred can be low possible. The purpose this study is to classify antibiotic at Pharmacy X using ABC analysis method determine which are prioritized for control. Method: This research descriptive through a cross sect...

Introduction: Multiplicity of anesthetic services and practice consume few resources individually, but collectively, they mean signifi cant cost. Economic and pharmacoeconomic studies are done in order to rationalize resources. Aim: 1. To calculate the direct expense in anesthesia and reanimation; 2. To compare expenses to the price of anesthesia according to the unit prices of National Health ...

Science serves its readers as a forum for the preselntation and discussion of important issues rclated to the advancement of science, including the presentation of minority or conflicting points of view, rather than by publishing only material on which a consensus has been reached. Accordingly, all articles ptublished in Science-including editorials, news and comment, and book reviews -arc sign...

A portable first-aid kit should be carried in the backpack of campers, hikers, and anyone who expects to spend time in a remote and unoccupied area. That is the recommendation found in lay texts dealing with medical care, in backpacking books, as well as in articles appearing in popular magazines. It goes without saying that it is far better to practise safety and prevention than to have to use...

Man-made organic chemicals have been found in drinking water for many years. Their numbers and varieties increase as our analytical capabilities improve. The identified chemicals comprise 10 to 20% of the total organic matter present. These are volatile or low molecular weight compounds which are easily identified. Many of them are carcinogenic or mutagenic. Chlorinated compounds have been foun...