The third generation cephalosporin cefovecin has been shown to have an exceptionally long elimination half-life in dogs and cats, making it suitable for antibacterial treatment with a 14-day dosing interval in these species. Pharmacokinetic parameters for cefovecin were investigated in juvenile hens and green iguanas, following subcutaneous injections with 10 mg cefovecin/kg bodyweight. Prelimi...

Chronic liver diseases (CLD) alter the kinetics of drugs. Despite dosage adjustment is based on Child-Pugh scores, there are no available recommendations and/or algorithms of reference to facilitate dosage regimens. A literature review about dose adjustment of the drugs from the hospital guide -which are included in the list of the WHO recommended drugs to be avoided or used with caution in pat...

We evaluate by simulation three model-based methods to test the influence of a single nucleotide polymorphism on a pharmacokinetic parameter of a drug: analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the empirical Bayes estimates of the individual parameters, likelihood ratio test between models with and without genetic covariate, and Wald tests on the parameters of the model with covariate. Analyses are perfo...

F(ab')2 fragments are sometimes preferred to whole IgG for therapeutic or diagnostic uses. Preclinical pharmaceutical development studies are necessary before their use in humans. Here we propose an allometric approach among three mammalian species to predict F(ab')2 pharmacokinetic parameters in humans. Plasma disposition of horse antivenom F(ab')2 fragments labeled with iodine 125 was studied...

Lomefloxacin pharmacokinetics were investigated in 6 normal subjects and 24 uremic patients after a single oral dose of 400 mg. In subjects with normal renal function, the peak level in plasma averaged 3.5 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml (mean +/- standard deviation) and was obtained at 1.3 +/- 0.9 h. The absorption rate constant was 3.8 +/- 1.6 h-1. The terminal half-life was 7.77 +/- 0.95 h. The appare...

The objective of this study was to validate subcutaneous (sc) microdialysis sampling to study flurbiprofen pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding in the awake freely moving rat. A linear microdialysis probe was manufactured using a Hemophane hollow fiber which was tested in vitro and in vivo for the recovery of flurbiprofen and naproxen used as retrodialysis marker. Flurbiprofen was admini...

The pharmacokinetics and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration of cefotaxime (Ctx) and desacetylcefotaxime (dCtx) were evaluated in 13 infants and children with meningitis after dose 6 of Ctx in a multiple-dose intermittent intravenous infusion regimen (50 mg/kg every 6 h). Model-dependent and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were determined and were found to be congruous. The dispos...

Didanosine (ddI) is a component of highly active antiretroviral therapy drug combinations, used especially in resource-limited settings and in zidovudine-resistant patients. The population pharmacokinetics of ddI was evaluated in 48 healthy volunteers enrolled in two bioequivalence studies. These data, along with a set of co-variates, were the subject of a nonlinear mixed-effect modeling analys...

This study was carried out to evaluate the absorption characteristics of experimentally developed hydrochlorothiazide liquisolid tablets using six male beagle dogs. Comparison with reference commercial tablets was made. As no bibliographic data were found for the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug in dogs, an intravenous drug administration was included in the study. The drug was administer...

There is no randomized study carried out in order to compare their pharmacokinetic parameters although midazolam, as a sedative, has been widely administered via continuous infusion as well as intermittent bolus doses in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. We prospectively investigated the effect of these two principal methods on pharmacokinetic parameters in 23 of mentioned patien...