introduction: in a serious brain disorder like alzheimer's disease, the levels of acetylcholine (ach) drop significantly. the gradual death of cholinergic brain cells leads to a profound loss of memory and learning ability. acetylcholine is the chemical messenger that sends messages from one neuron to another in the area of the brain used for memory. many of the current medications act to ...

Crotalus durissus terrificus snakes possess a protein in their blood, named crotoxin inhibitor from Crotalus serum (CICS), which protects them against crotoxin, the main toxin of their venom. CICS neutralizes the lethal potency of crotoxin and inhibits its phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity. The aim of the present study is to investigate the specificity of CICS towards snake venom neurotoxic PLA2...

Introduction: In a serious brain disorder like Alzheimer's disease, the levels of acetylcholine (Ach) drop significantly. The gradual death of cholinergic brain cells leads to a profound loss of memory and learning ability. Acetylcholine is the chemical messenger that sends messages from one neuron to another in the area of the brain used for memory. Many of the current medications act to enhan...

Objective: The objective of this study was to utilize a beef liposome model system investigate if phospholipase-A2 antibody (aPLA2) can be used inhibit (PLA2) activity potentially improve shelf-life.

introduction idiopathic membranous nephropathy (mn) is a common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome. recently, m-type phospholipase a2 receptor (pla2-r) has been discovered as the main podocyte antigen in the pathogenesis of idiopathic mn. materials and methods in this mini review, the author searched english-language medline for the terms “membranous nephropathy”, “rituximab”, and “phospholipase...

The genetic origin of novel traits is a central but challenging puzzle in evolutionary biology. Among snakes, phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-related toxins have evolved in different lineages to function as potent neurotoxins, myotoxins, or hemotoxins. Here, we traced the genomic origin and evolution of PLA2 toxins by examining PLA2 gene number, organization, and expression in both neurotoxic and non-n...

lipoprotein-associated phospholipase a2 (lp-pla2) is produced by inflammatory cells, bound to ldl and other lipoproteins, and hydrolyzes oxidized phospholipids in ldl. type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes some investigations show the association of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase a2 mass and activity with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (cvd) in populations with high...

The antioxidant effect of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was previously demonstrated. Understanding how PLA2 inhibits lipid oxidation promoted by hemoglobin (Hb) is important for its applications in muscle foods. Effects enzyme dose, pH, and calcium ion on the ability to inhibit trout hemoglobin-mediated were investigated washed cod (WCM). Results indicated that required both hydrol...

Scorpion venom contains a variety of biologically active peptides. Among them, neurotoxins are major components in the venom, but it also peptides that show antimicrobial activity. Previously, we identified three insecticidal from Liocheles australasiae scorpion, activities and structures other remained unknown. In this study, performed transcriptome analysis gland scorpion L. to gain comprehen...

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) induces hyper-sensitivity to muscarinic agonists in airway smooth muscle in vitro. The precise mechanism of this is unknown, but might involve altered calcium homeostasis. In order to elucidate the effects of PLA2, on bovine tracheal smooth muscle contraction, isometric tension and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were simultaneously measured in fura 2-loade...