Bathorhodopsin-rhodopsin difference spectra of native 11-cis-rhodopsin and regenerated 9-cis-rhodopsin were measured at room temperature with a double-beam laser spectrophotometer after excitation at 532 nm. A detailed analysis of data obtained at 85 psec after excitation suggests that the bathorhodopsins generated from 11-cis- and 9-cis-rhodopsin differ in their extinction coefficients and tha...

When a nematic liquid crystal is doped with a large amount of a liquid crystalline azobenzene compound (15 wt %), the photoisomerization of azobenzene under UV and visible light irradiation can give rise to reversible and interconvertible photochemical phase transition and photochemical phase separation. Both normal and reverse modes of photocontrolled switching of transmittance through crossed...

This study evaluates the potential application of tin porphyrin- and C(60) aminofullerene-derivatized silica (SnP/silica and aminoC(60)/silica) as (1)O(2) generating systems for photochemical degradation of organic pollutants. Photosensitized (1)O(2) production with SnP/silica, which was faster than with aminoC(60)/silica, effectively oxidized a variety of pharmaceuticals. Significant degradati...

Salt stress strongly affects on plant growth and development, especially maize plant, which is reported as a salt sensitive species. The salt tolerant identification in the large genetic resources and breeding population is a profitable research topic for solving the salinity problem. Two maize cultivars, viz., sweet (Zea mays L. cv. Saccharata) and waxy (Z. mays L. cv. Ceratina) seedlings were...

BACKGROUND Trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene are the most common pollutants in groundwater and two of the priority pollutants listed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In previous studies on TCE and PCE photolysis and photochemical degradation, concentration ranges exceeding environmental levels by far with millimolar concentrations of TCE and PCE have been used, and it is not cle...

To probe the mechanisms responsible for pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) affecting the photodegradation of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in dissolved humic acid (HA) solution, EE2 aqueous solutions with pH values ranging from 3.0 to 11.0 and different DO conditions were irradiated by using a 300 W mercury lamp equipped with 290 nm light cutoff filters. In 5.0 mg L(-1) HA solutions (pH 8.0), EE2 was de...

To improve the photo-catalytic degradation of salicylic acid, we reported the fabrication of ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays by a simple and effective two-step anodization method and then these TiO2 nanotubes were treated in a methanol solution under UV light irradiation. The TiO2 nanotubes prepared in the two-step anodization process showed better photo-catalytic activity than those prepared in o...

Introduction Blue light is a part of the spectrum with the highest energy content, which can reach the retina. The damage that it can cause to the retina is called photochemical or blue-light retinal injury. For the retinal injury assessment of the photochemical and aphakic retinal hazards in the wavelength range of 300-700 nm, use of effective spectral radiance limits (W.m-2.sr-1) seems to be ...

The cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 possesses a small psbA multigene family that codes for two distinct forms of the photosystem II reaction-center protein D1 (D1:1 and D1:2). We showed previously that the normally predominant D1 form (D1:1) was rapidly replaced with the alternative D1:2 when cells adapted to a photon irradiance of 50 mumol.m-2.s-1 are shifted to 500 mumol.m-2.s-1 and...