seedless barberry (berberis vulgaris l. var. asperma) is one of the few crops that is only cultivated in eastern parts of iran. as a new crop there has not been any study to identify phylogenetic relationships of this plant with other related species existing in iran. in this study, amplification fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers based on four selected primer combinations (ecori/tru1i...

A new method for the study of molecular phylogenetics based on fuzzy c-means clustering of Markov models is proposed. This approach is able to cluster whole sequences or genomes into groups whose boundaries overlap, and to reconstruct the phylogenetic trees that graphically describe the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The method is applied to examine the similarities and evolution...

We can place more than just organisms into trees: individual genes from the genomes of various organisms can also be placed into trees, and from these gene phylogenies, we can often infer the species phylogenies. Often, this is done with the geological record in mind: not all branches of the tree of life terminate in the present – there are many that end in the various mass extinctions that hav...