abstract objective: this study aimed to present a descriptive analysis of the responses given by two-and-a-half year-old farsi-speaking children to the “persian picture naming test” carried out on a statistically significant sample of subjects. materials and methods: 60 two-and-a-half-year-old children were chosen from 32 kindergartens through multiple cluster sampling method and then evaluated...

Objectives: The lexical-level deficits are one of the hallmark limitations observed in early school-age children with specific language impairment. These problems are the predictors of reading problems and poor performance at school. Most studies in Persian-speaker children with specific language impairment have focused on syntax and morphology and the naming errors profile of these children ar...

In picture-word interference experiments, participants name pictures (e.g., of a cat) while trying to ignore distractor words. Mean response time (RT) is typically longer with semantically related distractor words (e.g., dog) than with unrelated words (e.g., shoe), called semantic interference. Previous research has examined the RT distributional characteristics of distractor effects by perform...

Older adults' relatively better memory for positive over negative material (positivity effect) has been widely observed in Western samples. This study examined whether a relative preference for positive over negative material is also observed in older Koreans. Younger and older Korean participants viewed images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), were tested for recall and r...

Previous research has shown that word-to-picture matching for targets that cannot be named at pre-test results in improved naming relative to untreated control items for people with aphasia. This paper replicates and extends this finding and investigates its source. Is the effect a result of priming of semantic representations, or of post-semantic mechanisms in word retrieval? The first experim...

The effects of differences in study processing on free recall of picture names and on generalization in picture identification were investigated. Experience with degraded pictures produced poorer subsequent free recall of picture names than did naming intact pictures. For the test of picture identification, pictures that were identical to a studied picture, pictures that shared a name with a st...

In studies of picture memory, subjects typically view a sequence of pictures. Their memory is tested either after each picture is presented (short-term recall) or at the end of the sequence (long-term recall). The increase in performance as a function of picture viewing time defines "the rate of information acquisition." Loftus (1985) found that reducing the luminance of a picture reduces the r...