Abstract Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers are promising candidates for energy-harvesting devices because of their flexibility, environmental friendliness, lightweight, high halogen acid resistance. However, the relatively low piezoelectricity limits applications. The PVDF highly depends on polar β-phase, while non-polar α-phase is most common one. As a result, β-phase formati...

This paper reviews the state of the art in piezoelectric energy harvesting. It presents the basics of piezoelectricity and discusses materials choice. The work places emphasis on material operating modes and device configurations, from resonant to non-resonant devices and also to rotational solutions. The reviewed literature is compared based on power density and bandwidth. Lastly, the question...

Through the suitable geometry of a repeating unit, metamaterial can exhibit property not present in base material. Here, we propose class low area-fraction, bending-dominated metamaterials that apparent piezoelectricity, even though material is piezoelectric. The proposed exploit universal electromechanical coupling operative at sub-micron scales, flexoelectricity, and upscale it to macro-scale...