In addition, they do not need to be poled because they directly crystallize from melt or solution into the ferroelectric (β-) phase. Piezoelectricity in these materials is related to the electronegativity difference in hydrogen and fl uorine atoms, which determines an effective dipole moment in the direction normal to the carbon backbone. Consequently, these fi lms or nanostructures are often u...

Vibration energy (mechanical energy) that is generated by vehicle movement on the road converted into electric energy by piezoelectric effect. Piezoelectricity is the electric charge that accumulates in certain solid material (notably crystal, certain ceramic and biological matter such as bone, DNA and various proteins) in response to applied mechanical stress. The aim of this research work is ...

piezoelectric nanobeams having circular, rectangular and hexagonal cross-sections are synthesized and used in various nano structures; however, piezoelectric nanobeams with hexagonal cross-sections have not been studied in detail. in particular, the physical mechanisms of the surface effect and the role of surface stress, surface elasticity and surface piezoelectricity have not been discussed t...

The direct measurement of flexoelectric coefficients in epitaxial thin films is an unresolved problem, due to the clamping effect substrates which induces a net strain (and hence parasitic piezoelectricity) addition gradients and flexoelectricity. Herein, we propose demonstrate use van der Waals epitaxy as successful strategy for measuring intrinsic (clamping-free = films. We have made, measure...

Piezoelectricity is one of the common ferroelectric material properties, along with pyroelectricity, etc. There has been widespread observation of piezoelectric and ferroelectric phenomena in many biological systems and molecules, and these are referred to as biopiezoelectricity and bioferroelectricity. Investigations have been made of these properties in biological and organic macromolecular s...

Biological membranes are capacitors that can be charged by applying a field across the membrane. The charges on the capacitor exert a force on the membrane that leads to electrostriction, i.e. a thinning of the membrane. Since the force is quadratic in voltage, negative and positive voltage have an identical influence on the physics of symmetric membranes. However, this is not the case for a me...