We used Southern blot hybridization to study X chromosome-linked color vision genes encoding the apoproteins of red and green visual pigments in 134 unselected Caucasian men. One hundred and thirteen individuals (84.3%) had a normal arrangement of their color vision pigment genes. All had one red pigment gene; the number of green pigment genes ranged from one to five with a mode of two. The fre...

Duerre, John A. (University of North Dakota, Grand Forks), and Patrick J. Buckley. Pigment production from tryptophan by an Achromobacter species. J. Bacteriol. 90:1686-1691. 1965.-A microorganism was isolated from the soil near the University of North Dakota. Biochemical and morphological characteristics indicated that this organism would best be classified as a member of the family Achromobac...

In the course of investigations concerning cellular growth in Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) tuber discs, it was noted that 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) induced the formation of a red pigment which was clearly evident only when the discs and the ambient culture solution were brought into prolonged contact with a cellulose substrate such as filter paper or cheese cloth. The...

Large-field Rayleigh match ranges were measured in 27 red/green color-deficient male observers, using bright, temporally alternating, 3-9 deg annular test fields. The observers' X-linked opsin gene arrays were characterized by molecular genetic techniques, and used to infer the absorption maxima of each observer's L and/or M cone photopigment(s). Measured match ranges decreased rapidly as the i...

Threshold spectral sensitivities (in the dark, or against bright colored backgrounds) are identical in the red-green range for both protanopes (dichromats) and protanomalous trichromatic color defectives. The latter, however, must have an additional photolabile cone pigment in the red-green range, and its presence is revealed by heterochromatic brightness matching through the spectrum (i.e. lum...

This paper presents both, the design and the development of a monitoring and control system via web for a closed microalgae crop and the results that were gotten using the strain Haematococcus pluvialis. The research was done at Sabana University (Colombia) and it aims to quantify the kinetic growth associated to the increment of biomass and the development of red pigment inside the cells when ...

Here we report the remarkable anatomy of the eye of the Eastern Pale Clouded yellow butterfly, Colias erate. An ommatidium of C. erate bears nine photoreceptors, R1–9, which together form a tiered and fused rhabdom. The distal tier of the rhabdom consists of the rhabdomeral microvilli of R1–4 photoreceptors, R5–8 photoreceptors contribute the proximal tier, and the R9 photoreceptor adds a few m...

Analogous to protans, the two types of deutan color-defectives-the dichromats (deuteranopes) and the anomalous trichromats (deuteranomalous)-do not differ in spectral sensitivity in the red-green range at threshold (either in the dark or against bright colored backgrounds). However, luminosity curves obtained by heterochromatic brightness matching show the latter to be slightly more sensitive i...

Here we report the remarkable anatomy of the eye of the Eastern Pale Clouded yellow butterfly, Colias erate. An ommatidium of C. erate bears nine photoreceptors, R1-9, which together form a tiered and fused rhabdom. The distal tier of the rhabdom consists of the rhabdomeral microvilli of R1-4 photoreceptors, R5-8 photoreceptors contribute the proximal tier, and the R9 photoreceptor adds a few m...

Pigment spread is the natural or experimentally procured (through grafting) progressive encroachment of pigmentation from black or red skin areas into juxtaposed white skin areas, or from black skin areas into red skin areas in spotted guinea pigs and other mammals. So far as spread from black into white skin is concerned, it had previously been shown that migration of epidermal melanocytes int...