Plant hormones regulate a variety of processes fundamental for growth and development. Recent studies have clearly shown that establishing adequate spatial and temporal distribution of hormones is central in the control of development. The activity of cytokinins (CKs) is essential to maintain undifferentiated cells in shoot apical meristem (SAM) and to promote cell differentiation in the root m...

fenugreek is an medicinal plant that use in disease some therapy. this plant use  for blood lipids and sugar decreasing in diabetic and non diabetic peoples and have antioxidant and antibacterial activity. the plant contains active constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins etc. it is an old medicinal plant. it has been commonly used as a traditional food and medicine. fenug...

Phosphorus, acquired in the form of phosphate (Pi), is one of the primary macronutrients for plants but is least available in the soil. Pi deficiency is a major factor limiting plant growth, development and reproduction. Plants have developed a complex signaling network to respond to Pi deficiency. The recent discovery of strigolactones, a new class of plant hormones, has led to an emerging sig...

Pseudomonas syringae is a bacterial plant pathogen that can lead to heavy losses in crop production. Th is bacteria is a very good model to study the infection processes, as it can cause disease in Arabidopsis thaliana, a well-studied plant model. Th is text presents an overview of the bacterial pathogenesis from a molecular biology perspective, and explains the role of plant responses in stopp...

Plant hormones play important roles in seed development; however, transcriptional regulation of their metabolism and levels the respective bioactive forms during barley development is poorly understood. To this end, study performed a comprehensive analysis changes expression patterns phytohormone genes embryo endosperm tissues. Our showed presence elevated abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GAs...

The overall effect of a live soil inoculum collected from nature on plant biomass is often negative. One hypothesis to explain this phenomenon that the net pathogenic microbial communities reduces performance. Induced defenses triggered by application hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic (SA) may help mitigate soil. However, little known about how such hormonal affects this, in turn, impac...

objective: opioid consumption has been widely increasing across the globe; however, it can cause adverse effects on the body. morphine, an opioid, can reduce sex hormones and fertility. withania somnifera (ws) is a traditional herb used to improve sexual activities. this study strives to investigate the effect of ws on sex hormones and gonadotropins in addicted male rats. materials and methods:...