Phase noise (PN) in phase locked loop (PLL) system is an important parameter in communication system. It degrades the system performance by increasing bit error rate (BER). The PLL concept was first appeared in the papers by Appleton in 1923 and de Bellescize in 1932 [1]. It is essentially a control system which employs feedback mechanism to synchronize the phase of output signal with the phase...

We developed a modified complex of pDNA and poly-l-lysine (PLL) by the addition of poly-l-histidine (PLH) and γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) to enhance its pH-buffering effect and suppress cytotoxicity. The binary and ternary complexes of pDNA with PLL or/and PLH showed particle sizes of approximately 52-76 nm with cationic surface charge. The ternary complexes showed much higher gene expression t...

The controls of most power electronic inverters connected to an electrical system (EPS) rely on the precise determination voltage magnitude, frequency, and phase angle at point common coupling. One widely used approaches for measuring these quantities is phase-locked loop (PLL); however, precision this measurement affected during transients in EPS a function type event architecture PLL. PLLs ba...

This article presents the surface modification of iron Fe (110) surfaces with Poly-L-Lysine (PLL) aim preparing carbonyl bone implants which are less corrosive and more compatible fibroblast cells. The cytocompatibility modified commercially available α-PLL electrodeposited ε-PLL was compared by combination DFT computational simulations experimental electrochemical cell adhesion studies to obta...

This paper presents a novel Phase frequency detector for Charge Pump Phase locked loop (PLL) applications to enable fast frequency acquisition in the phaselocked loop (PLL). To cope with the missing edge problem, the proposed PFD predicts the reset signal and blocks the corresponding input signal during the reset time. The blocked edge is regenerated after the reset signal is deactivated [1]. T...

A methodology is presented for predicting the jitter performance of a PLL using simulation that is both accurate and efficient. The methodology begins by characterizing the noise behavior of the blocks that make up the PLL using transistor-level simulation. For each block, the jitter is extracted and provided as a parameter to behavioral models for inclusion in a high-level simulation of the en...

Prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) is a generalized malignancy of the lymphoid tissue characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal lymphocytes, usually of B cell type. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is an extremely rare complication of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL). We describe a case of T-PLL presenting with symptomatic infiltration of the brain that was histopathologic...

A technique of secure communication via chaotic synchronization is proposed. A suitable frequency modulated (FM) signal is used to drive two different phase locked loops (PLLs) in chaotic region to obtain two different chaotic signals. Out of these two signals one will be transmitted to the receiver PLL depending on the digital data. Receiver PLL synchronized with the transmitted chaotic signal...

Reference spurs are one of the main problems in integer-N phaselocked loops (PLLs). A ratioed current charge pump is proposed to suppress reference spur magnitude in the PLL output. The ratioed current charge pump can be implemented by resizing the source and drain network of the charge pump. A formula to calculate the ratioed current and transistor size is presented. The reference spur magnitu...

This paper presents a 2-GHz tunable direct sampling receiver with 40-GHz sampling clock and on-chip PLL, fabricated in a production 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS process. The measured SFDR and SNDR are 59 dB and 59.84 dB, respectively, over a bandwidth of 60 MHz, and the effective number of bits (ENOB) equals 9.65. Compared to the case where an external low-noise 40-GHz clock was used, no SNDR degradation...