With regard to human cloning or artificial human reproduction – and contrary to the opinions of Sunni scholars - Shiite thinkers have not held a unified position. After having surveyed a number of Shiite fatwas and analyses on the subject, this essay will classify them into four groups. The first group states that we are granted absolute permission to engage in human cloning; while the second g...

Economics and engineering have often intertwined, through the sharing of mathematical modeling tools, analogies migration concepts. These processes contributed to bridging epistemological gap between two disciplines above all they fueled a contamination that has allowed advancement knowledge. However, this exchange long entered phase diminishing returns is now not sufficient respond growing com...

Abstract With recent advancements in systems engineering and artificial intelligence, autonomous agents are increasingly being called upon to execute tasks that have normative relevance. These directly—and potentially adversely—affect human well-being demand of the agent a degree normative-sensitivity -compliance. Such norms principles typically social, legal, ethical, empathetic, or cultural (...