To cite: Moreira-Silva S, Urbano J, Rocha G, et al. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/ bcr-2015-213623 DESCRIPTION Pneumothorax complicates 1–6% of transbronchial biopsies whereas pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema are rare complications of this procedure. Pneumomediastinum is defined as an abnormal accumulation of air within the mediastinum. I...

SIR, We read with great interest Dr Bradley's first reported case of pneumomediastinum in an adult with dermatomyositis.' We describe here a similar event, where spontaneous pneumomediastinum occurred in a patient with dermatomyositis and persisted for five months. In January 1986 a 20 year old man was admitted to hospital for assessment of recent generalised muscle, weakness. Examination showe...

Pneumomediastinum, defined as the presence of air in mediastinum often occurs due to trauma, mechanical ventilation or surgical procedure. It may also occur spontaneously predisposing lung diseases such asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary airway disease (COPD). In this report, we present a case patient with COVID-19 pneumonia without any underlying conditions usual risk factors for pneumom...

A 34-year-old man was admitted with dyspnea, cough, and fever. Thorax computed tomography revealed ground glass opacities and pneumomediastinum. The patient was diagnosed as amyopathic dermatomyositis due to skin lesions and radiological findings. Despite immunosuppressive treatment clinical deterioration and radiological progression were observed and the patient died because of severe hypoxemi...

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum during labour is a rare, usually benign and self-limiting condition. It often presents with chest or neck pain and surgical emphysema. The latter sign is easy to demonstrate but often missed during clinical assessment if the condition is not included in the differential diagnosis of chest pain and dyspnoea in peripartum. The authors describe a case of 20-year-old p...

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon disorder, and usually affects young men and has a benign course. Common triggers are asthma, the smoking of illicit drugs, the Valsalva maneuver, and respiratory infections. Most cases are usually due to alveolar rupture into the pulmonary interstitium caused by excess pressure. The air dissects to the hilum along the peribronchovascular sheaths and ...

High minute ventilation is required to lower intracranial pressures in patients with intracranial bleed. Respiratory acidemia consequent to ventilatory difficulty is dangerous in such patients as it further raises intracranial tension. We describe such a case. A 24-year-old man had to be intubated and mechanically ventilated after he met with a road traffic accident and sustained extensive maxi...

Retroperitoneal perforation during therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is uncommon and is usually manifested by abdominal pain, fever and leukocytosis. We report the case of a patient with post-ERCP subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax treated conservatively. A 79-year-old woman with a diagnosis of choledocholitiasis was referred to our instit...

Colonoscopy is currently a widespread procedure used in screening for colorectal cancer. Iatrogenic colonic perforation during colonoscopy is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication that can cause significant morbidity and mortality. "Triple pneumo" (a combination of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumoperitoneum) following colonoscopy is a rare but a serious condition re...

An 11-year-old female presented to the emergency department with fever of 1 day’s duration and sore throat. Her family described a 3-week history of cough with fever, trouble breathing, and wheezing. Her medical history included panhypopituitarism and asthma, and she was receiving steroid replacement therapy. She had recently undergone a dental extraction. Examination showed a temperature of 39...