We read with interest the article by Koshy et al. The findings are important in documenting changes in admission rates of childhood pneumonia and empyema since the introduction of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). We are concerned that undue emphasis has been placed on Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data to define the aetiology of childhood pneumonia, particularly ‘bacterial...

Pneumonia is common among critically ill burn patients and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among them. Prediction of mortality in patients with severe burns remains unreliable. The aim of this research is to study the incidence, early diagnosis and management of nosocomial pneumonia, and to discuss the relationship between pneumonia and death in burn patients. This prospective study...

PURPOSE Acute respiratory infection, particularly pneumonia, is the most common cause of hospitalization and death among children in developing nations. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of children and adolescents with pneumonia who visited Emergency Department (ED) in South Korea in 2012. METHODS We analyzed National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) records ...

The question of a causal relation of the bacteria in gassed lungs to the pneumonia present cannot be regarded as decided. It may be said that: 1. The appearance of gassed lungs with pneumonia is very similar to the pneumonia of known bacterial origin. 2. In a few cases the type of pneumonia found coincides with the reported cases of so-called "chemical pneumonia," which is characterized by a pr...

Pneumonia is a major medical problem in the very old. The increased frequency and severity of pneumonia in the elderly is largely explained by the ageing of organ systems (in particular the respiratory tract, immune system, and digestive tract) and the presence of comorbidities due to age-associated diseases. The most striking characteristic of pneumonia in the very old is its clinical presenta...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Children with neurologic impairment (NI) are commonly hospitalized for different types of pneumonia, including aspiration pneumonia. We sought to compare hospital management and outcomes of children with NI diagnosed with aspiration versus nonaspiration pneumonia. METHODS A retrospective study of 27 455 hospitalized children aged 1 to 18 years with NI diagnosed with p...

BACKGROUND Elderly patients admitted to hospital for community acquired pneumonia have a high risk of recurrence of pneumonia and of death during the years after discharge. In this study potential factors of importance for the long term prognosis after hospital treated pneumonia were retrospectively investigated. METHODS A total of 241 patients (103 men) with a mean age of 60 (range 18-102) y...

Introduction The Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) has predicted around 43 million pneumonia cases in India. It is recognized that for huge nation like India, which accounts for 23% of global pneumonia burden, the national estimates may hide regional disparities(1). In this context, we have generated Indian state specific burden of severe pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia and pn...

Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is a common pathogen found in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia all over the world. Community-acquired AB pneumonia, however, is very rare and has seldom been reported in Asia-Pacific countries. Community-acquired AB pneumonia has a fulminant course and is associated with a higher mortality than hospital-acquired AB pneumonia. In Korea, no case of fatal comm...