Ventilator-associated pneumonia is preceded by lower-respiratory-tract colonization by pathogenic microorganisms that derive from endogenous or exogenous sources. Most ventilator-associated pneumonias are the result of exogenous nosocomial colonization, especially, pneumonias caused by resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multi-resistant Acinetobacter baum...

Pneumonias acquired in a healthcare facility have different epidemiology, risk factors, responsible pathogens, treatments and outcomes than those acquired in the community. Patients with such infections generally have greater mortality and incur greater medical costs. Initially, hospitals were regarded as the major site for this paradigm; more recently, long term care facilities, rehabilitation...

Traditionally, a subset of patients diagnosed as having idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis had positive results on cellular biopsies (prominent lymphoplasmacytic inflammation), bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytosis, a clinical response to steroids, and a better long-term prognosis. On review of the lung histopathology, the lesion was characterized by varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis. This...

Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) is a syndrome which is due to deficiency of humoral immune response resulting in increased susceptibility to infections We report a case of CVID in a 24-year-old male whopresented with a history of recurrent pneumonias.

Most children presenting with pneumonia in the industrialised world will have a viral or 'atypical' organism. The clinical features of these 'atypical' pneumonias may be indistinguishable from bacterial pneumonia. New diagnostic techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction may help in diagnosis and choice of treatment, where appropriate. The pathological and clinical features of infection w...

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant cause of nosocomial infections, including ventilator-associated pneumonias and catheter-associated urinary tract infections. K. pneumoniae strain TOP52 #1721 (Top52) was isolated from a woman presenting with acute cystitis and subsequently characterized using various murine models of infection. Here we present the genome sequence of K. pneumoniae Top52.