The main purpose of this paper is to establish a relation between universality of certain P-compactifications of a semitopological semigroup and their corresponding enveloping semigroups. In particular, we show that if we take P to be the property that the enveloping semigroup of a compactification of a semitopological semigroup s is left simple, a group, or the trivial singleton semigroup, t...

Undergraduate students used a simulation to learn about electromagnetic flux. They were provided with three simulated cases that illustrate how changes in flux induce current in a coil. In the POE condition, students predicted, observed, and explained the outcome of each case, treating each case separately. In the GE condition, students were asked to produce a general explanation that would wor...

This article empirically investigates the role of organizational structure in the transformational leadership (TFL) process. We examine organizational centralization, formalization, and size as antecedents of an organization's TFL climate, and as moderators of the relationship between TFL climate and productive organizational energy (POE). Hypotheses are tested using a sample of 125 organizatio...

Control of surface properties in microfluidic systems is an indispensable prerequisite for successful bioanalytical applications. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic devices are hampered from unwanted adsorption of biomolecules and lack of methods to control electroosmotic flow (EOF). In this paper, we propose different strategies to coat PDMS surfaces with poly(oxyethylene) (POE) molecu...

Hinton (in press) recently proposed a learning algorithm called contrastive divergence learning for a class of probabilistic models called product of experts (PoE). Whereas in standard mixture models the “beliefs” of individual experts are averaged, in PoEs the “beliefs” are multiplied together and then renormalized. One advantage of this approach is that the combined beliefs can be much sharpe...

Hinton (in press) recently proposed a learning algorithm called contrastive divergence learning for a class of probabilistic models called product of experts (PoE). Whereas in standard mixture models the “beliefs” of individual experts are averaged, in PoEs the “beliefs” are multiplied together and then renormalized. One advantage of this approach is that the combined beliefs can be much sharpe...

Part two of this essay looks more closely at the fictionality of Edgar Allan Poe’s short story, “The Purloined Letter,” and argues for the importance of the possession of the letter in the story. This importance is delineated by examining the context in which “The Purloined Letter” was composed; in particular, and taking its cues from Kevin J. Hayes’ remarkable Poe and the printed word (2000), ...

There is growing need to develop formal verification tools for Message Passing Interface (MPI) programs to eliminate bugs such as deadlocks and local assertion violations. Of all approaches, dynamic verification is most practical for MPI. Since the number of interleavings of concurrent programs grow exponentially, we devise a dynamic interleaving reduction algorithm (dynamic partial order reduc...

The aim of this paper is to classify all monogenic ternary semigroups, up to isomorphism. We divide them to two groups: finite and infinite. We show that every infinite monogenic ternary semigroup is isomorphic to the ternary semigroup O, the odd positive integers with ordinary addition. Then we prove that all finite monogenic ternary semigroups with the same index...

If one considers life on Earth since its very beginning, three levels of organization can be distinguished: the phylogenetic level concerns the temporal evolution of the genetic programs within individuals and species, the ontogenetic level concerns the developmental process of a single multicellular organism, and the epigenetic level concerns the learning processes during an individual organis...