a brief background to the development of the rock engineering design process is given, showing that since the development of the science of mathematics, deterministic methods have been used to perform various calculations. the variability of rock properties and support characteristics have always been known. however, they were not explicitly used in design but compensated for by the use of a sa...

a brief background to the development of the rock engineering design process is given, showing that since the development of the science of mathematics, deterministic methods have been used to perform various calculations. the variability of rock properties and support characteristics have always been known. however, they were not explicitly used in design but compensated for by the use of a sa...

the intermittency and variability of these permeated Distributed Generators (DGs) could critically cause many security and economy risks to distribution systems. This paper applied a certain mathematical distribution to imitate the output variability and uncertainty of DGs. And then, four risk indices EENS, PLC, EFLC and SI were established to reflect the system risk level of distribution syste...

The intermittency and variability of permeated distributed generators (DGs) could cause many critical security and economy risks to distribution systems. This paper applied a certain mathematical distribution to imitate the output variability and uncertainty of DGs. Then, four risk indices—EENS (expected energy not supplied), PLC (probability of load curtailment), EFLC (expected frequency of lo...

A brief background to the development of the rock engineering design process is given, showing that since the development of the science of mathematics, deterministic methods have been used to perform various calculations. The variability of rock properties and support characteristics have always been known. However, they were not explicitly used in design but compensated for by the use of a sa...

Context: The electric parameters of the power networks are usually analysed through deterministic power flows; however, the variation in load demands and power fluctuation of renewable generators cannot be considered with the deterministic power flows because it uses specific power values. The probabilistic power flow methods are better for this purpose since they apply techniques to include an...

Abstract A new, analytical approach using the cumulant method is proposed for three-phase probabilistic power-flow (PPF) analysis. The to forming sensitivity matrix based on quantifying pseudo-inverse instead of inverse jacobian matrix, since it commonly singular in a distribution power network. results are compared with those obtained point-estimate (PEM) and Monte Carlo (MC) method, which use...

This paper introduces a new stochastic optimization framework based bat algorithm (BA) to solve the optimal distribution feeder reconfiguration (DFR) as well as the shunt capacitor placement and sizing in the distribution systems. The objective functions to be investigated are minimization of the active power losses and minimization of the total network costs an. In order to consider the uncert...

abstract: enviromental concerns, improvements in renewable energy technologies, governmental incentives for the use of these resources, and increased t&d; costs, are the main factors driving the energy sector into a new era, where considerable portions of electrical demand will be met through widespread installation of distributed energy resources (ders). the virtual power plant (vpp) is a dece...