conclusions better understanding of the effectiveness and efficiency mechanism and having valid evaluation required considering specific theories and points in this field. applying a dynamic approach with considering epidemiological concepts and sophisticated statistical models could improve quality of studies in this field. results from a total of 797 articles, 20 were eligible which among the...

introduction: motorcycling is a risky activity and motorcyclists are vulnerable to road accidents. the behavior of motorcyclists is a significant factor of accident. unfortunately there is little information regarding social and mental characteristics of motorcyclists which lead to the accident. the purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth qualitative understanding of reasons for riding a ...

Social media has emerged as a promising resource for police to connect with citizens for collective action. However the attributes of police citizen interactions on social media remain under-explored. In this paper, we utilise official and public Facebook pages of several police departments in India to study the patterns of engagement, emotions, and social processes between citizens and police ...

BACKGROUND Police work tends to impose a high degree of stress and a multiplicity of stressful situations which can affect the physical, mental and interpersonal relationships of police personnel. The objective of the present study was to assess the level of stress among police personnel and to find the association of various factors with the level of stress among police personnel. METHOD A c...

Until a few decades ago, the police were mainly a reactive bureaucratic organization that moved from one criminal event to the next, according to the degree to which the outside world required its services. Since then the police have abandoned the emphasis on law enforcement with regards to petty crime and public order. More recently the police have developed community policing as an important ...

A cluster of recent police killings of African American men has sparked an unprecedented amount of public debate regarding policing in the United States. Critics and protesters have made sweeping allegations about the police; a presidential commission has been formed to study police misconduct; and reforms are being debated. These events provide a backdrop for this article’s review of recent po...

In this study, we study an at-risk occupation, the police. Forty-five urine samples were obtained from 45 Thai police working close to traffic in an urban area, for analysis of urine phenol levels. The average (mean +/- SD) urine phenol level in these police was 16.94 +/- 11.72 mg/g-Cr. Significantly higher urine phenol levels were found among police who had worked for longer durations (p < 0.05).

Chief Inspector Cottam told us about the scheme; he had been in at its inception nine years ago under Sir Charles Martin. At this time research showed that 40 per cent of all children appearing before the Liverpool Juvenile Courts had previous police records. This fact and the heavy increase in juvenile crime generally, finally decided the police to start an experiment which was to be a system ...

Many police forces operate a policy of high visibility in disordered neighbourhoods with high crime. However, little is known about whether increased police presence influences people's beliefs about a neighbourhood's social environment or their fear of crime. Three experimental studies compared people's perceptions of social capital and fear of crime in disordered and ordered neighbourhoods, e...