INTRODUCTION DEFINITIONS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RURAL NONFARM ECONOMY Size Composition Equity impact DYNAMIC PATHWAYS OF RURAL NONFARM GROWTH Shifting motors of rural economic growth The “pull” scenario in dynamic agricultural regions The “push” scenario in stagnant agricultural zones Urbanization and migration Liberalization and globalization Summing up IMPLICATIONS FOR THE RURAL POOR Motivati...

One of the most important decisions a president will make after an election is what kind relationship he/she have with cabinet secretaries and agency heads. Will be controlling or autonomy giving? George H. W. Bush created contractor presidency, one that subcontracted management to officials, giving them considerable freedom, making policy entrepreneurs. Yet, when it came time support initiativ...

Aviation is a highly technical sector, but conversely policy regarding the security of it has historically been reactive and driven by human factors. Governance aviation regulated controlled national governments, yet primarily developed international organisations. This article concerned with what impact technological innovation had on particular focus effect developments in cyber-sphere proces...

97 This chapter discusses the organisational context in which knowledge is acquired in Arab countries through the transfer and adaptation of technology. The discussion considers issues such as: the importance of national innovation systems; policy and institutional prerequisites for establishing a knowledge economy; and the vital role of entrepreneurs. It reviews the experience of Arab countrie...

limited access to financing from venture capitalists. Of this situation, there is widespread evidence and agreement. There is not, however, agreement as to the principal reasons why entrepreneurs in rural areas have difficulty in acquiring equity capital for new business start-ups and expansions. On the one hand, some suggest (e.g., Florida and Kenney, 1988) that few venture capital investments...

abstract rapid changes in the science and technology and considering sport as a profession clues new challenge for sport policy-makers. in this situation, intellectual property and particularly human capital are among the most important organizational assets. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of intellectual capital on entrepreneurial opportunities recognition in sport industr...

The objective of this paper is to present a unifying framework for studying the impact of new collaborative technologies (or consumer technologies) on markets, society and economic science. It aims to influence researchers in social sciences, entrepreneurs and policy-makers to accelerate the adoption of the learning, tools and opportunities which the new collaborative technologies bring into th...