Traditionally political scientists have conceived of political participation as oriented toward the political sphere, particularly the political system, and involving people who join together in various kinds of groups to make claims on government. Real-life examples as well as empirical and theoretical studies in the social sciences show that it is high time for us to rethink this view of poli...

Studies in human and non-human primates indicate that basic socio-cognitive operations are inherently linked to the power of gaze in capturing reflexively the attention of an observer. Although monkey studies indicate that the automatic tendency to follow the gaze of a conspecific is modulated by the leader-follower social status, evidence for such effects in humans is meager. Here, we used a g...

The aim of this study is to explore online social network exposure effects on predicting individual’s willingness to self-censor political expression (WTSC) and political posting behaviors. The spiral of silence (SOS) theory is applied to the context of online social networks wherein three major network characteristics are highlighted: reduced privacy, integration of multiple social context/rel...

If philosophical moral reflection improves moral behavior, one might expect ethics professors to behave morally better than socially similar non-ethicists. Under the assumption that forms of political engagement such as voting have moral worth, we looked at the rate at which a sample of professional ethicists-and political philosophers as a subgroup of ethicists-voted in eight years' worth of e...

Political prediction markets such as INTRADE, in which people trade stocks based on their belief about the outcome of the election or political event, offer a unique opportunity to use market behavior to predict the outcome of political events. This paper provides a two-fold contribution to the literature. First, we analyze 457 political prediction markets contracts in terms of the accuracy of ...

The study of politics and political behavior of Pakistan has been generalized by the foreign and indigenous scholars with their particular perspective without giving empirical observation except a few. Politics is the manifestation of political activity that had been the outcome of political will and it will peep into the social setup to observe that how the voters are being groomed and inducte...

Despite extensive literatures on the impact on children of exposure to violence in families, neighborhoods, and peer groups, there has been relatively little effort evaluating their cumulative impact. There also has been less attention to the effects of exposure to political conflict and violence. We collected data from a representative sample of 600 Palestinian youths (3 age cohorts: 8, 11, an...

resort to irritating or allegedly illegal methods. We commonly regard the last as a political act and the first two as therapeutic; but all of them are easily perceived as either political or therapeutic. How they are classified depends upon the assumptions of the observer, not upon the behavior he is judging. Some psychologists reject the &dquo;reinforcement of deviant behavior&dquo; rationale...